Pain Management

The pain is usually post-prandial，located in the epigastric abdomen and described as deep，penetrating with radiation to the back.Constant pain can greatly interrupt the quality of life.Cessation of alcohol and smoking may help in symptom relief.In specific situations，endoscopic and surgical interventions may help relieve the symptom，which will be depicted in other chapters.In uncomplicated CP，medical management should be the first line of therapy for pain（Anderson et al.2016）.(https://www.daowen.com)