Z
索 引
(按汉语拼音排序;数字为原书页码,即中译本边码)
A
阿加西斯,路易斯Agassiz,Louis,12
阿礼国 Alcock,Rutherford,论强者生存,on survival of the strong,3,4
爱默生 Emerson,Ralph Waldo,206,389
艾斯利 Eiseley,洛伦 Loren,11,346
暗杀 assassination,无政府主义者的策略 tactic of Anarchists,371,429,430
澳大利亚 Australia,131,313
B
巴枯宁 Bakunin Mikhail,370,413
“百花”时代 “Hungred Flowers'”period,233
百日维新 Hundred Days Reform,127,155
白种 White races:严复论 Yen Fu on,68—69;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,117,182,196,264,266,313;“泙澼子”论 “Ping-p'i-tzu” on,131—133;与国际法 and international law,141;黄种与白种的通婚 yellow race to intermarry with,146—148;无政府主义者论 Anarchists on,428
报刊杂志 Journalism,中国的Chinese:梁启超对报刊杂志的影响 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's influence on,84—85;报刊杂志里的达尔文主义 Darwinism in,86—87;《时务报》 Shih-wu pao,91
保国会 Pao kuo hui(preserve the Nation Society),7,127
保教 Pao chiao(preserve Confucianism),55,106,217;放弃保教 abandoned,230,257
保守派 Conservatives:论生存与保存 on survival and preservation,106;使儒家学说“宗教化”的尝试 on attempts to “religionize” Confucianism,145;论种族杂婚 on miscegenation,146—147;保守派的达尔文主义用语 Darwinian language of,152—153
贝茨 Bates,W.,392
悲观主义 pessimism,赫胥黎的 of Huxley,164—165,174—175;严复缺少 lack of in Yen Fu,174—175
贝拉米Bellamy,Edward,21
俾斯麦 Bismarck,Otto von,其好战性 militancy of,261,264
毕永年 Pi Yung-nien,143
边沁 Bentham,Jeremy,11,254,412,440;论功利主义 on utilitarianism,245;梁启超的资料来源 source for Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,247,249—250,252;其道德 morality of,255
变 Change:对生存的必要性 necessary for survival,91—92;吴稚晖论 Wu Chih-hui on,383—384
变法 pien fa(change our laws;reform),8;对西方势力的回应 as reaction to Western power,51;过时的口号 fading of slogan,179
《变法通议》“Pien-fa t'ung-i”(A general discussion of reform;梁启超),91—92
变革 pien-ko(“revolution”),190
柏格森 Bergson,Herni,203,302注释
柏拉图 Plato,357
波兰 Poland,93,95
伯纳尔 Bernal,Martin,356
布仑希利 Bluntschli,Johann Kaspar:其《国际法》的翻译 his International Law translated,140;论种族 on races,332
不朽 immortality,292—307;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,292;与羯磨 and karma,295—307
C
蔡和森 Ts'ai Ho-sen,445
蔡元培 Ts'ai Yuan-p'ei,437
缠足 foot-binding,449;中国落后的实例 example of China's backwardness,96,144
陈宝箴 Ch'en Pao-chen,127
陈独秀Ch'en Tu-hsiu,302,437,444—445,447,448
陈天华 Ch'en T'ien-hua,332,340,447,448
陈仪侃 Ch'en I-k'an,341
传教士 missionaries:与达尔文主义的介绍 and introduction of Darwinism,4,5;与康有为 and K'ang Yu-wei,18;作为颠覆力量 as agents of subversion,143;儒教传教士 Confucian,145;梁启超论基督教传教士 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on Christian,220;与进化 and evolution,221
创世记 Genesis,Book of:与图尔高的进步论 and Turgot's theory of progress,10;中国的创世说 Chinese version of,130
《创造进化论》Evolution Créatrice(柏格森 Bergson),302
《春秋》Spring and Autumn Annals;见《春秋》
司马迁 Ssu-ma Ch'ien,199,200,291
《春秋》Ch'un Ch'iu(Spring and autumn annals),27—31,112,113,200;三世 Three Age in,28;论国际法 on international law,140
《春秋董氏学》(康有为著) Ch'un Ch'iu Tung shih hsuch(Tung's study of the Ch'un Ch'iu),44,90
慈禧太后 Empress Dowager(Tz'u-hsi),222;与维新 and reform,153—154,179,186;慈禧专政 despotism of,183
D
达尔文 Darwin,Charles,3,12,186;论意图 and design,13;论完善 on perfection,14,164;对严复的影响 influence on Yen Fu,53—54,72;论强权与公理 on might vs.right,67;最初的影响 first influence of,75—79;论后天性状 on acquired characteristics,103—104,304—305;论斗争与自然选择 on struggle and natural selection,105—106,108,136,142;论物种的变异 on the modification of species,109;论人类在自然界的位置 on man's place in nature,110;论群体的团结 on group solidarity,111;对达尔文的批评 criticism of,139,209—210,305—306,339,382;与宗教 and religion,145,219,221;与中国的史学革命 and China's historical revolution,193,194;与祖先 and ancestors,201,202;作为道德斗士 as champion of morality,237—243,259,397;与唯物主义 and materialism,256;达尔文的不朽 immortality of,296;与民族主义 and nationalism,310;与孙中山 and Sun Yat-sen,317;与革命 and revoltion,318,325;与华莱士 and Wallace,347,389;论自然选择 on natural selection,354,410;与社会主义 and socialism,355—370;与无政府主义者 and Anarchists,370—433;论种族 on race,378;克鲁泡特金对达尔文的批评 criticized by Kropotkin,391,402;其信徒 disciple of,396;论互助 on mutual aid,397—398;与自然权利 and natural rights,423;与新文化运动 and New Culture Movement,438;与唯科学主义 and scientism,442;被马克思取代 superseded by Marx,448;其影响的概述 summary of influence of,448—453;达尔文的遗产 legacy of,453—458;康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,187注释;另见达尔文主义;达尔文主义的介绍《达尔文的世纪》Darwin's Century(艾斯利 Eiseley),11
达尔文主义 Darwinism:在中国的接受 acceptance of in China,60;与道家学说,and Taoism,77;与种族主义 and racism,97,117,378;麦孟华的达尔文主义 of Mai Meng-hua,114;在湖南 in Hunan,128;利用达尔文主义排满 anti-Manchu use of,181,187;与儒家学说 and Confucianism,217,219—220,231—233,411;与基督教 and Christianity,230—231;与中国寻求统一 and Chinese search for unity,234—235;与唯意志论 and voluntarism,271—272;对达尔文主义的滥用 misuse of,274—275,288,324;佛教达尔文主义 Buddhistic,293,299,304,306;与民族主义 and nationalism,310;成问题的达尔文主义,questioned,316;与民主 and democracy,335,339;与革命 and revolution,340;无政府主义者的达尔文主义 of the Anarchists,372;科学达尔文主义与社会达尔文主义 scientific vs.social,374;被曲解的达尔文主义 misunderstood,378,382,435—436;与自然权利 and natual rights,423;达尔文主义的第二次登场 second round of,436,444,448;作为实用主义 as pragmatism,444;另见达尔文主义的介绍;达尔文引发的神话。
达尔文主义的引进 introduction of Darwinism:引进的延误 delay in,4;翻译著作的影响 effect of translations,4;改革派传教士对达尔文主义的引进 by reformer missionaries,5;延误的原因 cause of delay in,5—6;严复对达尔文主义的引进 by Yen Fu,7—8,78—79,83;与康有为 and K'ang Yu-wei,7;与梁启超 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,7,180—181;引进的时间差 timing of,62;术语的传播 spread of terms of,116
达雷尔 Durrel,杰拉德 Gerald,104—105
大脑 Brain,人类 human,的进化 evolution of,346—347
大同 Ta t'ung(the Great Unity),18,125,227;康有为的发现 K'ang Yu-wei's discovery of,31—45;其涵义 meaning of,32—33;其可塑性 flexibility of,33;《礼运》里的描述 described in “Li yun”,35,357;与进步 and progress,36;对梁启超的影响 influence on Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,88;呼唤大同 appeal of,112;与斗争的必要性 and necessity for struggle,113;其名字的传播 spread of name,115;与国际法 and international law,140;摈弃大同 rejection of,314;与社会主义 and socialism,357
《大同书》Ta t'ung shu(康有为),18—21;信仰进步 faith in progress,21;其对西方的借鉴 borrowing from West in,21—25;与“杂种” and “mixing the race”,147
大我 ta wo(Great I),293—295,297;在人民中的生命 life of in the people,298—299
道 Tao:与黑格尔的“精神”相比较 compared to Hegel's “Spirit”,38;康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,43—44;孔子论 Confucius on,44,422;严复的新理解 Yen Fu's new interpretation of,77,164—165,166,171;西方之道与儒家之道 Western vs.Confucian,233;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,236
道德 morality:儒家的力量基础 Confucian basis of strength,65,222,228;严复的论述 Yen Fu's treatment of,67;服从于进化 subject to evolution,222—223,412;达尔文作为道德斗士 Darwin as champion of,237—243;“公德” “public”,238—240,248;“新道德” “new”,240;与功利主义 and utilitarianism,243;个体道德与国家道德的对比 individual vs.national,314;与互助 and mutual aid,395;另见新道德 new morality
道德进化 moral evolution,吴稚晖论 Wu Chih-hui on,421
《道德经》Tao te Ching(老子),174,277
道德心 conscience,与通过互助的生存 and survival through cooperation,160,161
道家学说 Taoism,404;论斗争 on struggle,61—62;达尔文主义的,Darwinian,77,145,449;严复的 of Yen Fu,164—165,169,174;与斯宾塞 and Spencer,170;与儒家学说 and Confucianism,229;其功利主义 utilitarianism of,251;与克己 and self-restraint,277—278;论积极与消极的对比 on being active vs.passive,349;与达尔文主义 and Darwinism,411
德国 Germany:好战 militancy of,264,265,266;自信 self-confidence of,270
德日进 Chardin,Pierre Teilhard de,302
帝国主义 imperialism,270;汪康年论 Wang K'ang-nien on,94—95;与作为“不适者”的中国 and China as “unfit”,231—232;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,310;与达尔文 and Darwin,310—316;中国的帝国主义之梦 Chinese dream of,313;中国人对西方帝国主义的愤慨 Chinese anger at Western,315—316;与资本主义 and capitalism,361;另见反对帝国主义anti-imperialism
《地学浅释》 Elements of Geology(侠雷儿 Lyell),4;对康有为的影响 influence on K'ang Yu-wei,26
第一次世界大战 World War I,对达尔文主义的影响 effect on Darwinism,439—440
地主 landlords:作为原始资本家 as proto-capitalists,365—366;与马克思主义 and Marxism,451—452
丁尼生 Tennyson,Alfred,168
丁韪良 Martin,W.A.P.:进步思想的传播者as preacher of progress,5;论国际法 on international law,140
董仲舒 Tung Chung-shu,29,31
斗争 struggle:与达尔文主义的兴起 and rise of Darwinism,7;康有为论斗争的必要 K'ang Yu-wei on necessity of,43;严复论 Yen Fu on,55,60,65;与群 and the ch'ün,60,63,452;中国人对斗争观念的反应 Chinese reaction to idea,61,139;社会有机体的斗争 social organisms,65;中国的斗争 of China,66,105;作为自然秩序 as the nature order,75—76,311;达尔文论 Darwin on,105,138,143;与侠的理想 and hsia ideal,113;与世界史 and world history,130;“泙澼子”论 “Ping-p'i-tzu” on,136;斯宾塞论 Spencer on,133;斗争的格斗学说 gladiatorial theory of,139;国际法取代斗争 international law as alternative to,140—143;唐才常论 T'ang Ts'ai-ch'ang on,143;与宗教 and religion,144—154;与公德 and the kung te,260;与尚武的必要 and need for militancy,260—262;与毅力 and perservance,267;赫胥黎与梁启超论道德和斗争 Huxley vs.Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on morality and,275—277;赫胥黎与颉德论 Huxley vs.Kidd on,286—287;与民族帝国主义 and national imperialism,310—311,314—315;等同于革命 equated with revolution,318;与暴力 and violence,325—326;与社会主义 and socialism,360,361,370;与互助 vs.mutual aid,390;马克思主义者论 Marxists on,444,451—452;另见适者生存 survival of fittest
独裁专制 dictatorship:梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,337—341;与土地问题 and land problem,366;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,447;另见开明专制 enlightened dictatorship
杜甫 Tu Fu,265
E
俄国 Russia,98,100;夺取旅顺港 Port Arthur seized by,140;其自信 self-confidence of,270;与马克思主义 and Marxism,446
俄国革命 Russian Revolution,124
恩格斯 Engels,Friedrich,445
F
法国 France,270,417
法国大革命 French Revolution,183;与自然权利 and natural rights,422—423
法家 Legalists,与功利主义 and utilitarianism,252
反达尔文主义 anti-Darwinism,与康有为 and K'ang Yu-wei,7;另见达尔文主义 Darwinism
反对帝国主义 anti-imperialism:与新道德 and new morality,236—316;与道德指令,and the moral imperative,309
翻译 translation:严复的翻译 by Yen Fu,4,159,172;侠雷儿著作的中译of Lyell,4,26;贝拉米著作的中译of Bellamy,21;李提摩太的翻译 by T.Richard,21,45—46,92—93;江南制造局的翻译 by Kiangnan Arsenal,22,26,128;麦肯齐著作的中译 of Mackenzie,45,92—93;赫胥黎著作的中译 of Huxley,83,155;《时务报》里的翻译 in Shih-wu pao,91;国际法的翻译 of international law,140;穆勒著作的翻译 of Mill,188;吴稚晖的科学译著 of science by Wu Chih-hui,373—374;克鲁泡特金著作的翻译 of Kropotkin,413
非洲 Africa,313;中国的范例,example to China,95
冯桂芬 Feng Kuei-fen,论自强 on self-strengthening,5—6
封建 feng-chien(feudal),123
封建制度 Feudalism:梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,123;颉德论 Kidd on,283
冯懋龙 Feng Mao-lung(冯自由 Feng Tzu-yu,Freedom Feng),366;论社会主义 on socialism,369
佛教 Buddhism,451;与康有为 and K'ang Yu-wei,17,19;论进化背后之推动力 on force behind evolution,77;赫胥黎排斥 Huxley's rejection of,163;与功利主义 and utilitarianism,251—252;梁启超利用 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's use of,292,295,299,305;达尔文主义的 Darwinian,293,306;与羯磨 and karma,295—300;与进化的批评 and critique of evolution,413—419
傅兰雅 Fryer,John,其译著 translations by,22,128,139
傅立叶 Fourier,Francois Marie Charles,19,21,35,
G
高垕 Kao Hou(“剑公”Chien kung),203—205,217
高燮 Kao Hsieh(慈石 Tz'u-shih),314注释
格拉德斯通 Gladstone,威廉 William,258
格劳修斯 Grotius,雨果Hugo,110,143
格雷 Gray,阿萨 Asa,76
“革命”ko-ming(revolution),179;梁启超的专门用语 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on term,190
《革命军》Ko-ming chün(The revolutionary army;邹容),179,318
个人主义 individualism:斯宾塞的个人主义 of Spencer,64;严复的民主中缺乏个人主义 absence of in Yen Fu's democracy,70,79,159;个人主义之危害 dangers of,111,173;被群体否决 negated by the group,195—196;受到梁启超的谴责 condemned by Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,247,273;赫胥黎论 Huxley on,274;颉德论 Kidd on,283
“革天”Ko T'ien(down with Heaven),353—354
共产党 Communist Party;见中国共产党 Chinese Communist Party
共产主义革命 communist revolution,208;与达尔文 and Darwin,448
公德 kung te(public morality):梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,238,244,259;与互助 and mutual aid,239;与荀子 and Hsun Tzu,230—240;作为克己之伦理 as ethic of self-assertion,260
龚定庵 Kung Ting-an(龚自珍Kung Tzu-chen),138
《公法会通》Kung fa hui tung(布仑希利《国际法》中译本 translation of Bluntschili's International Law),140
《公法总论》kung fa tsung lun (罗伯特森“国际法”中译 translation of Robertson's “International Law”),140
共和革命派 Republican Revolutionaries,317—370,431;孙中山 Sun Yat-sen,317—318;其种族革命 racial revolution of,319—334;论严复 on Yen Fu,327—329;与民主 and democracy,334—335;与社会主义 and socialism,356—370;论马克思 on Marx,362—363;论资本主义 on capitalism,367
革命 revolution:与严复 and Yen Fu,71—74,161,225,358;唐才常论 T'ang Ts'ai-ch'ang on,143—144;与慈禧太后 and the Empress Dowager,153—154;与梁启超 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,179—181,190,209;社会革命 social,180,437—348;与进化 and evolution,190,207—210,318,323,445;反叛祖宗 revolt against ancestors,198—216;因“合乎自然”而被合法化 legitimized as “natural”,208,323,325,340,449;毛泽东论“不断革命” Mao Tse-tung on “continuous”,209;家族制度的革命 in the family system,211—216;排孔革命 against Confucius,216—235;与宗法制中国 and China as patriarchal,225;道德革命 in morality,236,240,243;政治革命 political,334,360,438;无政府主义者论 Anarchists on,429;马克思主义者论 Marxists on,444;另见民主革命 Democratic revolution;史学革命 Historical revolution;种族革命 racial revolution
功利主义 Utilitarianism,243—259,440;梁启超的新道德的基础 basis for new morality of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,244—256;这个词的引介 introduction of word,245;功利主义里的快乐问题 problem of pleasure in,246—247;与利己主义 and self-interest,247—250;中国的功利主义 as Chinese,250;与道家学说 and Taoism,251;与佛教 and Buddhism,251—252;与儒家学说 and Confucianism,252;与互助 and mutual aid,393—394;另见边沁 Bentham;加藤弘之 Katō Hiroyuki
顾炎武 Ku Yen-wu,119—120
《观娼感念》“Thoughts on Viewing Prostitutes”,424—246
光绪皇帝 Kuang-hsu Emperor:与维新 and reform,153,186;排满思潮的攻击目标 target of anti-Manchuism,320,324
国际法 international law:国际法之下的权利 rights under,114;与生存斗争的对比 vs.struggle of survival,137,139—142;对国际法的不信任 distrust of,142—143,261
国家社会主义 State socialism,366;界定 defined,367;共和革命派论 Republican Revolutionaries on,367—368
国家主义 nationalism:梁启超的 of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,196,197—198,243,280,305;毛泽东的 of Mao Tse-tung,243;与帝国主义 and imperialism,310;严复论 Yen Fu on,326;与种族主义 and racism,327;作为“有益的种族主义” as “good racism”,333;作为进化的国家主义 as evolutionary,335;受到无政府主义者的谴责 condemned by Anarchists,430,431
国家主义者 nationalists,448;的适应性 fitness of,444
国民 kuo-min(national people),333
国民党 Kuomintang,447
国群 National group(kuo ch'ün),梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,111—112
郭嵩焘 Kuo Sung-t'ao,16;严复引述郭嵩焘 quoted by Yen Fu,55
郭颖颐 Kwok,Daniel,373,442
国有化 nationalization,土地国有化 of land,365—366
H
汉帝国 Han Empire:何修论 Ho Hsiu on,30;王充论 Wang Ch'ung on,41—42
韩非子 Han Fei Tzu,262
韩愈 Han Yü,严复论 Yen Fu on,53
汉族:Han Chinese:与满族的对比 vs.Manchus,182—183,321,331—332;与同化 and assimilation,332
赫德 Herd,Dennis,374
何来保 Ho Lai-pao,144
何修 Ho Hsiu,28,29,31
赫胥黎 Huxley,Thomas,7,110,241,243,388;严复的翻译 Yen Fu's translation of,83,155,156,161,456;论遗传 on heredity,101—102;论伦理进程 on ethics process,110,285—286,399,400,417;论人的法律与自然的法则对比 on laws of men vs.nature,138,349—351,443;赫胥黎的中国先驱 Chinese precursor of,139;赫胥黎的社会达尔文主义 social Darwinism of,158—160,162;与严复 and Yen Fu,162—169,345,443;赫胥黎的悲观主义 pessimism of,163—164,174—175;与斯宾塞 and Spencer,171;论道德 on morality,237,246—247,398—399,421;论自行其是与自我克制 on self-assertion and self-restraint,259—260,267,273,275—277,314,395;论保存与生存 on preservation and struggle,267—268;论个人主义 on individualism,274;与自我牺牲 and self-sacrifice,279;论利他主义 on altruism,281—282;与孙中山 and Sun Yat-sen,343—344,443;论人类的位置 on the place of man,348—352;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,391,401—405;与达尔文 and Darwin,396—397;章炳麟论 Chang Ping-lin on,416;与胡适 and Hu Shih,443
何震 Ho Chen,371,428
黑格尔 Hegel,Georg Wilhelm Friedrich,194,286,336;历史学说 theory of history,38—39,123,195—196;与康有为 and K'ang Yu-wei,124;章炳麟论 Chang Ping-lin on,414
《黑奴吁天录》Hei nu hsu t'ien lu(The black slaves' lament to Heaven),427
黑色人种 black race,322;严复论 Yen Fu on,69;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,97,118,123,196,313;“洴澼子”论 “P'ing-p'i-tzu” on,131;“灵石”论 “Ling Shih” on,427
《红楼梦》 The Dream of the Red Chamber(Hung lou meng),272
洪秀全 Hung Hsiu-ch'üan,17,319
红种人 red men,322;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,97,118,123;“泙澼子”论 “Ping-p'i-tzu” on,131
后天性状 acquired characteristics:的遗传 inheritance of,101,103;羯磨与 karma and,300
后天性状的可遗传性 inheritance of acquired characteristics,101,103;与羯磨 and karma,300;达尔文论 Darwin on,304—305;另见遗传 heredity
胡汉民 Hu Han-min:论排满思潮 on anti-Manchuism,321,323,324;论严复 on Yen Fu,327—328;论社会有机体 on social organism,352;论西方资本主义 on Western capitalism,364;论土地和地主 on land and landlords,365;论国家社会主义 on state socialism,367;论无政府主义者 on the Anarchists,372
湖南 Hunan,维新运动在湖南,reform movement in,127
胡适 Hu Shih,279,289,437,455;论《天演论》 on T'ien-yen lun,155—156;论革命与进化 on revolution and evolution,210;论“主义” on “isms”,235;“社会之不朽”论 on “social immortality”,292;胡适的胜利 victory of,442
互助 mutual aid,443;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,161,249,400—401;与道德 and morality,238;与公德 and kung te,239;互助法则 law of,389—411;有助于进化 aid to evolution,412;互助与斗争的对比 vs.struggle,451—452;另见克鲁泡特金 Kropotkin
《互助论》 Mutual Aid(克鲁泡特金),390;被翻译,413
华莱士 Wallace,Alfred Russel,109,346;论革命与进化 on revolution and evolution,210;论人类作用与自然作用的对比 on human action vs.nature's,347—348;论人类征服自然 on man over nature,349—351,389;论军国主义 and militarism,429—430
环境 environment:梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,103;羯磨对环境的影响 effect of karma on,302;人类征服环境的力量 man's power over,350
华盛顿 Washington,Georg n-sheng,140
皇帝 emperors,受到严复的抨击 attacked by Yen Fu,72;另见君主立宪制 constitutional monarchy
“黄祸”“Yellow-peril”,315;对中国人的奉承 flattering to Chinese,98—99
黄金戒律 Golden Rule:赫胥黎论 Huxley on,165;功利主义的黄金戒律 as utilitarian,253
黄种 Yellow race:严复论 Yen Fu on,68—69;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,117,196,264,313;“泙澼子”论 “Ping-p'i-tzu” on,131—133;与国际法 and international law,141;与宗教 and religion,145;黄种的“混杂”“mixing” of,146,147—148
黄遵宪 Huang Tsun-hsin,84,125;在湖南 in Hunan,127
惠顿 Wheaton,Henry,140
《回顾》Looking Backward(贝拉米Bellamy),21
婚姻 Marriage:其达尔文主义革命 Darwinian revolution in,212;梁启超反对早婚 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao against early,212—216;鞠普攻击婚姻 Chü P'u's attack on,379
霍布斯 Hobbes,Thomas,396
霍夫斯塔特 Hofstadter,Richard,78
J
基督教 Christianity,451;与进步 and progress,9;图尔高论 Abbé Turgot on,10;受到达尔文学说的威胁 threatened by Darwinism,60,230—231;与儒教 and Confucianism,145;赫胥黎论 Huxley on,163,166;与军国主义 and militarism,265—266;与灵魂 and the soul,293;与不朽 and immortality,295;孙中山的信仰 of Sun Yat-sen,318
技术 Technology,西方的 Western,其问题 problems of,74
吉田松阴 Yochida Shōin,270—271,273
加藤弘之 Katō Hiroyuki,247—248,249—250,254
家庭 family:康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,25;家庭革命 revolution in,211—216,438;与克己 and k'o chi,307;另见祖宗 ancestors
甲午战争 Sino-Japanese War:战败之影响 effect of defeat in,5—6,49;战败之原因 reasions for defeat,7—8;中国人的反应 Chinese reaction to,49—50,62
贾谊 Chia I,322
渐进之进化 progressive evolution,死亡在其中的位置 place of death in,289—299
渐进主义 Gradualism:严复论Yen Fu on,73,77;达尔文主义的渐进主义 as Darwinian,443—444
蒋光慈 Chiang Kuang-ch'ih,448
蒋介石 Chiang K'ai-shek,447,450
江南制造局 Kiangnan Arsenal,翻译出版物 translation from,22,26,128,130
《江苏》kiangsu(杂志),179
蒋智由 Chiang Chih-yu,184,185;论平等 on equality,368—369
“教” Chiao;失败 loss of,233,235
教育 education:梁启超强调 stressed by Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,88,97;中国与西方的对比 Chinese vs.Western,97;“胎教”与遗传 “prenatal” or heredity,101—103;与环境 and environment,103;与生存斗争 and struggle for survival,144
颉德 Kidd,Benjamin,209,241,280—292,368;论利他主义 on altruism,281—282,285,287;论个人主义 on individualism,283;论马克思 on Marx,283,289;论进步 on progress,283—284;论理性与利他主义的对比 on reason vs.altruism,285;论伦理 on ethics,285—286,298;论进化 on evolution,286;梁启超的利用 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's use of,287—292;与未来主义 and futurism,289;与不朽 and immortality,292
阶段 stages:《时务报》里的概念 concept in Shih-wu pao,112—113;严复论 Yen Fu on,121—122,224,326—327;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,188—189,366;宗法制中国 of China as patriarchal,224;躐等的惩罚 penalty for skipping,339—340,341,344,353,361,362;与社会主义 and socialism,362;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,366;马克思主义者论 Marxists on,444
羯磨 Karma:梁启超利用羯磨 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's use of,295—307;羯磨的涵义 meaning of,296—297;羯磨的“社会化” “socializing” of,297—300;与遗传 and heredity,301—302,306;与国民性 and national characteristics,303;与家庭 and family,307;反映在雷锋身上 reflected in Lei Feng,308
进德会 Chin te hui(Progressive Virtue Society),371—372
进步 Progress,9—47;传教士的宣传 preached by missionaries,5;康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,7,21—22,26—27,42;与达尔文主义 and Darwinism,8,11;与基督教 and Christianity,9;图尔高论 Abbé Turgot on,10;孔多塞论 Condorcet on,11;圣西门论 St.Simon on,11;穆勒论 Mill on,11;托克维尔论 Tocqueville on,11;儒家之进步观 Confucian,15—27;钱博斯兄弟论 the Chamberese on,22—25;与《春秋》 and Ch'un Ch'iu,29—30;与《礼运》 and “Li yun”,31—36;麦肯齐论 Mackenzie on,45—47;西方力量的秘密 secret of Western power,51;其渐进主义 gradualism of,73,337;福祸参半 mixed blessing of,74;与进化之关联 linked with evolution,76,112,164,301;与变革 and change,92;与生存 and survival,104—107;与“道” and the Tao,171;严复论 Yen Fu on,174—175;与破坏 and destruction,191—192;历史与进步的关联 relation of history to,194;受儒家学说的阻碍 impeded by Confucianism,228—284;与宗教 and religion,285;与遗传 and heredity,301;与佛教 and Buddhism,305;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,344;与社会主义 and socialism,368—370;章炳麟论 Chang Ping-lin on,414;无政府主义者对进步的信仰 Anarchists' faith in,420
“进化”Chin-hua(progress),90;与“道” and the Tao,165;与自由 and freedom,188;梁启超使用的术语 term used by Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,193;另见进步 progress
进化evolution:先于进步的信仰 preceded by faith in progress,9,12;进化的前达尔文观念 pre-Darwinian concept of,11—12,59;达尔文的证据 Darwin's proof of,12;《礼运》里的进化 in “Li yun”,40—41;康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,42,89—90;生物进化与政治进化的比较 biological vs.political,54;理学里的进化 in Neo-Confucianism,60;与进步的信仰 and faith in progress,76,112;与唯科学主义 and scientism,92;与唯意志论 and voluntarism,94,354;与民主 and democracy,120,125,335;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,149,288;叶德辉 Yeh Te-hui on,149—153;与群 and the group,162;与道家学说 and Taoism,165;严复论 Yen Fu on,172—173;进化的代价 price of,174—175;与自由 and freedom,188;进化的阶段说 stage theory of,188—189,444;与革命 and revolution,190,207—208,318,445;应用于历史 applied to history,193;作为一种发展 as an advance,203;与孝道 and filial piety,203—204;与婚姻 and marriage,212;与儒家学说 and Confucianism,218;与道德 and morality,222—223,240;与唯物主义 and materialism,256;与伦理 and ethics,285—286;与死亡 and death,289;与遗传 and heredity,300;与帝国主义 and imperialism,310—316;与种族 and race,321—322;与进步 and progress,344,370;生物进化与社会进化的对比 biological vs.social,346—348,388,421;孙中山信仰进化 Sun Yat-sen faith in,354—355;与社会主义 and socialism,357,366,370;人类的进化义务 man's responsibility towards,367,382—389;吴稚晖论 Wu Shih-hui on,373,377—379,382—389;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,402—410,412;章炳麟论 Chang Ping-lin on,413—419;无政府主义者论进步与进化 Anarchists on progress and,420;与启蒙 and enlightenment,422;一战对进化学说的冲击 impact of World War I on theory of,439;胡适对进化的重新解释 reinterpreted by Hu Shih,443—444;进化阶段 stage of,444;另见达尔文主义Darwinism
《进化论与伦理学》Evolution and Ethics(赫胥黎 Huxley),83—84,155—175;对严复的重要意义 significance for Yen Fu,157—158;严复的翻译 Yen Fu's translation of,172—174;论自行其是 on self-assertion,246—247,259—260;论人类在自然界的位置 on man's place in nature,351;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,392;另见《天演论》 T'ien-yen lun
“兢盫”Ching-an,336
“精神”“spirit”:术语 terms for,268—269;与灵魂 and soul,296
竞争 competition:钱博斯兄弟论 Chamberses on,24;与进步 and progress,187,189;中国缺乏竞争 China's lack of,225;与托拉斯 and trusts,361;克鲁泡特金质疑,challenged by Kropotkin,390—394,402,404—408;迁徙取代竞争 migration as alternative,408—409;重新定义竞争 redefined,443
俱分进化论 Dual evolution,theory of(chü-fen chin-hua lun),414—415
据乱世 Disorder,Age of(Chü-luan),28,149
鞠普(笔名) Chü P'u,379—380
决定论 determinism:康有为的of K'ang Yu-wei,39—40;严复的 of Yen Fu,52,77,345;与郭嵩焘 and Kuo Sung-t'ao,56;与三民主义 and Three People's Principles,336;梁启超的 of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,345;与人类行动 and human action,353—354;无政府主义者信奉决定论 Anarchists' faith in,420
军国主义 Militarism,华莱士论Wallace on,429—430
君主立宪派 Constitutional monarchists:孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,342;论资本主义 on capitalism,367;另见维新派 Reformers
君主立宪政体 Constitutional monarchy:严复论 Yen Fu on,72—73;共和革命派的抵制 rejected by Republican Revolutionaries,319;作为进化阶段 as evolutionary stage,337—338;孙中山 Sun Yat-sen,342
君主制 monarchy:梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,186—188;君主制下的自由 freedom under,188;另见君主立宪制 constitutional monarchy
K
卡耐基 Carnegie,Andrew,64,76
开明专制 enlightened dictatorship:梁启超提倡 advocated by Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,337—338,340—341,447;陈天华论 Ch'en T'ien hua on,340,448;陈独秀论 Ch'en Tu-hsiu on,447;列宁论 Lenin on,448;最适合中国 as fittest for China,448
凯斯勒教授 Kessler,Professor,390—391
康德 Kant,Immanuel,194,195,420;论人类的可完善性 on perfectibility of man,10;论天意 on providence,12,13
康有为 K'ang Yu-wei,7,429;论民族的强大 on national strength,7,8;康有为的儒家进步观 Confucian progress of,15—27;与严复 and Yen Fu,15;青年时代与早期教育 youth and early education,16—17;与佛教 and Buddhism,17—18;大同论 on the Ta t'ung,18—21,140,141;对西方的借鉴 borrowings from the West,21—26,89;论进步 on progess,21—22,26—27,42,193;《春秋》对康有为的影响 influence of Ch'un ch'iu on,27—31;三世说 on the Three Ages,28—30,113,120,124,91注释;论《礼运》on “Li yun”,31—38;与黑格尔的比较 compared to Hegel,38;对孔子的理解 interpretation of Confucius by,39,106,219,221;康有为的决定论 determinism of,39—40;论进化 on evolution,42—43;论斗争 on struggle,43;论改革 on reform,44;与达尔文主义混淆的思想 confusion of ideas with Darwinism,44—45;论宗教 on religion,52,144,145,217,219—220;论生存斗争 on the struggle for survival,57;论自强 on self-strengthening,63,65;对梁启超的影响 influence on Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,87,107,227;与《天演论》 and T'ien-yen lun,89;对达尔文的认识 knowledge of Darwin,89—90,91注释;康有为的唯意志论 voluntarism of,94,109;论“运” on the yun,123—124;与保国会 and pao kuo hui,127;论西方 on the West,142;提倡“杂种” advocacy of “mixing the race”,147;对毛泽东的影响 influence on Mao Tse-tung,208;受到批评 criticized,327;论民主 on democracy,337;其传记 biography of,357;其种族主义 racism of,91注释
克尔凯郭尔(卡戛加)Kierkegaard,Soren Aabye,440
“克己”k'o-chi(self-conquest,self-restraint):私德中的克己 in private morality,277,314;克己的可遗传性 heritability of,305;与家庭 and the family,307;与雷锋 and Lei Feng,308;与林彪 and Lin Piao,309
克鲁泡特金 Kropotkin,Peter Alekseyevich,160,241,243,254,274;论互助 on mutual aid,161,249,397—443;与严复 and Yen Fu,162,171;论伦理与生存 and ethics and survival,237—239,248;论利己主义与群体 on self-interest and the group,255;与无政府主义者 and the Anarchists,370,372,400;对进化学说的修正 revision of theory of evolution by,389—411;论赫胥黎 on Huxley,391—392,401,404—405;论人性 on human nature,398—399;与孟子 and Mencius,399;论马尔萨斯 on Malthus,405—406;论迁徙 on migration,408;论适应 on adaptation,408—410;与达尔文主义 and Darwinism,411;论人类的可完善性 on perfectibility of man,420;论自然权力 on natural rights,423
科学 science:维新派的宣传 preached by reformer,5;中国对科学的早期呼求 early appeal of in China,58,128;用来反对孔子 used against Confucius,219;无政府主义者的科学 of the Anarchists,373—389;吴稚晖的科学 of Wu Chih-hui,389;科学万能的神话 myth of omnipotence of,453;毛泽东思想中的科学 in the Thought of Mao Tse-tung,456
孔德 Comte,Auguste,18,19,21,35,357
孔多塞 Condorcet,Marquis de,11,35
孔子 Confucius,65,272,426;对康有为的影响 influence on K'ang Yu-wei,15,18;与进步 and progress,27,36;与《春秋》 and Ch'un ch'iu,28—29;与《礼运》and “Li yun”,34,35;与循环观 and cyclical theory,37;严复的抨击 attacked by Yen Fu,55,224;与梁启超 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,93,149,221—222,311,438;三世说 and the Three Age,119;与国际法 and international law,140;与人类行动 and human action,170;论孝道 on filial piety,204—205;与生存斗争 and struggle for survival,216—235;对孔子的模棱两可的辩护 equivocal defense of,226—230;与功利主义 and utilitarianism,252—256;论克己 on self-conquest,277—278;孔子的不朽 immortality of,296;及其门徒 and his disciple,396;论人性 on human nature,397;回到孔子 return to,440;与列宁的对比 vs.Lenin,448
孔子的宗法制 patriarchal systerm of Confucius,224—227,326
《孔子改制考》K'ung-tzu kai chih k'ao(Confucius as a reformer;康有为),44;没有参考达尔文 lack of reference to Darwin,90
《狂人日记》Mad Man's Diary(鲁迅),243
L
拉马克思想 Lamarckianism,78,300,373;与《物种起源》 and The Origin,302;与遗传 and inheritance,382
老子 Lao Tzu,59,174;论斗争 on struggle,61;与达尔文主义 and Darwinism,77;论克己 on self-conquest,278
乐观主义 optimism,儒家乐观主义与赫胥黎的悲观主义的对比 Confucian,vs.Huxley's pessimism,166—167
雷锋 Lei Feng,反映梁启超的道德 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao reflected in virtues of,308—309
礼 li(rule of social conduct),《礼运》里的礼之进化 evolution of in “Li yun”,40
利 li(benefit,advantage,profit),253
李大钊 Li Ta-chao,302
李鸿章 Li Hung-chang,86
《礼记》Li Chi(Book of rites),27
《礼记》Book of Rites,215,375
历史:history:历史的进化学说 evolutionary theory of,120;历史阶段说 stage theory of,121—122;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,123;达尔文对历史研究的影响 influence of Darwin on study of,130—131;史学革命 revolution in study of,192—198;与民族主义 and nationalism,197—198
李提摩太 Richard,Timothy:作为进步的传播者 as preacher of progress,5;其译著 translations by,21,45—46,92—93;其科学著作 work on science by,130
历史必然性 historical inevitability,继承自达尔文的观念 concept inherited from Darwin,454
李石曾 Li Shih-tseng,371;李石曾的科学知识 scientific knowledge of,373;论善之进化 on evolution of the good,412—413,421—422;介绍克鲁泡特金 Kropotkin introduced by,413;论政府 on government,429;论民族主义 on nationalism,433
利他主义 altruism:颉德论 Kidd on,281—283;与理性的对比 vs.reason,285
理性 reason,与利他主义 vs.altruism,285
理学 Neo-Confucianism:与种族 and race,134,380;论进化 on evolution,421;论造反 on rebellion,450
李约瑟 Needham,Joseh,129
《礼运》“Li yun”(Evolution of ritual),27,31—42;康有为发现《礼运》 K'ang Yu-wei's discovery of,31;《礼运》的描述 description of,34—36; 《礼运》对大同的描述 Ta t'ung described in,35,112;与进化 and evolution,40—41;与国际法 and international law,141
梁启超 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,7,18,174,414,429,450;论康有为 on K'ang Yu-wei,22,28,218;康的学生 pupil of K'ang,44,87;介绍达尔文 Darwin introduced by,84;作为报人 as journalist,84—87;强调教育 education stressed by,88;《天演论》对其影响 influence of T'ien-yen lun on,89—91,259;变法的论据 argument for change,91—92,384;论进步 on progress,92—93,187;论孔子 on Confucius,93,216—235;论帝国主义 on imperialism,95;与中国的自信心 and Chinese self-confidence,95,96;论种族 on race,96—97,117,196,332—333;介绍《天演论》 introduction of T'ien-yen lun by,100—104;论后天性状 on acquired characteristics,103—104;论群的优先 on primacy of the ch'ün,107—112;论唯意志论 on voluntarism,109,206,345;论人类自由 on human freedom,110—111,188;论大同 on the Ta t'ung,112;论民主 on democracy,122,335;在湖南 in Hunan,127,154;论历史研究 on study of history,130,192—198;论国际法 on international law,140;提倡“杂种” advocacy of “mixing the race”,147,148;论进化 on evolution,151,190,412;论革命 on revolution,179—181,318—319,325,359;论种族革命 on racial revolution,181—185;论民主革命 on democratic revolution,185—192;论史学革命 on historical revolution,192—198;攻击史学家 attack on historians,199;对传统失去信仰 loss of faith in tradition,200;对毛泽东的影响 influence on Mao Tse-tung,208;论婚姻 on marriage,212—216;论排孔思潮 on anti-Confucianism,226—230;与新道德 and the new morality,236—243;论荀子 on Hsun Tzu,239—240;梁启超的功利主义 utilitarianism of,244—256;梁启超的唯物主义 materialism of,260—269;论宗教 on religion,257;梁启超的好战 militancy of,260—269;论“精神” on “spirit”,269—270;论自尊与自信 on self-respect and self-confidence,270—273;论克己 on self-restraint,273—279;论自我牺牲 on self-sacrifice,279—293;与颉德 and Kidd,280,285—288;论死亡 on death,290—292;论不朽 and immortality,292;梁启超的佛教思想 Buddhism of,294,305;论遗传 on heredity,300—307;对达尔文的认识 knowledge of Darwin,306;对中国共产党的思想影响 influence of thought in CCP,307—316;论排满 on anti-Manchuism,321,325—326,332;受到批评 criticized,327;论专制 on dictatorship,337—341,448;论社会主义 on socialism,356,362,368;论资本主义 on capitalism,361,365,366;原始克鲁泡特金主义 proto-Kropotkinism of,411;其思想的重新发现 ideas rediscovered,437;与新文化运动 and New Culture Movement,438;一战后 after World War I,439;与唯科学主义 and scientism,442;与赫胥黎 and Huxley,443
梁启勋 Liang Ch'i-hsun,314
梁漱溟 Liang Sou-ming,440—441;为中国文化辩护 defense of Chinese culture by,441—442
良心 liang hsin(good heart or mind),420
廖平 Liao P'ing,21
列宁 Lenin,Nikolai,446;论开明专制 on enlightened dictatorship,448
列宁主义 Leninism:论民族主义 on nationalism,310;论资本主义 on capitalism,364;针锋相对的列宁主义政党 opposing parties of,446—447
劣种 lieh chung(inferior race),用以称呼满族 applied to Manchus,183
林彪 Lin Piao,216,309
林乐之 Allen,Young J.,改革派传教士,5
林则徐 Lin Tse-hsu,233,309
灵魂 soul,the,293;与精神 and spirit,296
“灵石” “Ling Shih”,427
刘基 Liu Chi,321
六经 Six Classics,与刘歆 and Liu Hsin,43
刘师培 Liu Shih-p'ei,371,420,423;论种族平等 on racial equality,426;论政府 on government,428
刘显志 Liu Hsien-chih,368,369
刘歆 Liu Hsin:与康有为的伪经说 and K'ang Yu-wei's theory of forged texts,43;造伪经 Classics forged by,218
路德 Luther,马丁 Martin,272
卢梭 Rousseau,Jean-Jacques,296;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,401
陆象山 Lu Hsiang-shan,159
鲁迅 Lu Hsun,289,314,437;论生存 on survival,106;论《天演论》 on T'ien-yen lun,156;论孝道 on filial piety,205;对革命的认识 knowledge of revolution,205—206,385;鲁迅的唯意志论 voluntarism of,206—207;论不断革命 on continuous revolution,209,210;鲁迅的二次道德革命 second morality revolution of,243;论死亡 on death,290;与新文化运动 and New Culture Movement,438;论一战 on World War I,439
轮回 Reincarnation,在梁启超所使用的羯磨里 in Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's use of karma,298
伦理 ethics:生存的必需 necessary for survival,237,241;对自行其是的抑制 a check on self-assertion,260;颉德、赫胥黎与梁启超论 Kidd,Huxley,Liang Ch'i-ch;ao on,285—288;互助的伦理 of mutual aid,395
《论语》 Analects,37;另见孔子 Confucius
《论自由》On Liberty(穆勒),被翻译 translated,188
罗宾逊 Robertson,爱蒙德 Edmund,140
M
马悔 Ma Hui,230
马尔萨斯 Malthus,Thomas Robert,55,144,215;与民族主义 and nationalism,310;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,405—406
马克思 Marx,Karl,12,19,21,33,35,193;使革命合法化 revolution legitimated by,208,325,445;颉德论 Kidd on,283;与未来主义 and futurism,289;与决定论 and determinism,336;与中国的社会主义 and socialism in China,362—363;与达尔文 and Darwin,445,448
马克思列宁主义 Marxism-Leninism,242,450
马克思主义 Marxism:论历史之模式 on patterns of history,123;与“运” and the yun,123;中国马克思主义的创立 foundation of Chinese,193;与儒家学说 and Confucianism,219;其中国化 Sinicization of,242,365—366;与新道德 and the new morality,243,258—259;与革命进步 and revolutionary progress,366;论寻求善之进化 on evolution as pursuit of goodness,413;无政府主义者与马克思主义的关系 relation of Anarchists to,431;中国需要马克思主义 appeal of,in China,432—433;作为进化与革命之综合体 as synthesis of evolution and revolution,445;另见列宁主义 Leninism
马克思主义者的适应性 Marxists,fitness of,444,450
麦开柏 McCabe,Joseph,374
麦肯齐 Mackenzie,Robert,203;其译著 translation of,45—47
麦孟华 Mai Meng-hua:论康有为的三世说 on K'ang Yu-wei's Thress Age,113;论侠之必要 on need for hsia,113—114;论种族主义 on racism,118—119;论国际法 on international law,140
蛮族 barbarians:中国人所谓的 Chinese so labeled,95,142;与自由 and freedom,189;其命运 fate of ,312;身为蛮族的满族 Manchu as,324
满洲里 Manchuria,332
满族 Manchus,116—117,334;严复论 Yen Fu on,68—69;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,96,181—185;汉族与满族的对比 Chinese vs.,117;作为不适者 as unfit,321—324;与君主立宪制 and constitutional monarchy,325;未来的位置 future place of,330;满族政府 government of,427;另见排满革命 anti-Manchus revolution
毛泽东 Mao Tse-tung,74,103,216,225,279,428,445,447,65注释;与“大同” and “Ta t'ung”,33;与唯意志论 and voluntarism,69,94;对严复的继承 inheritance from Yen Fu,79;与梁启超 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,180,193,196,236,242;论人类在自然界的位置 on man's place in nature,194—195;与“百花”口号 and the Hundred Flowers,233;论革命有理 on justification of revolution,208,210,325,450;反叛家庭 rebellion against family,258—259;其好战 militancy of,262—263;论自力更生 on self-reliance,274;与未来主义 and futurism,289;论死亡 on death,291;论可改良之遗传 on improvable heredity,305;论西方 on the West,344;论中国社会问题 on China's social problem,359;信仰进步 faith in progress,420;与达尔文的遗产 and legacy of Darwin,452,455—456
毛泽东思想 Mao Tse-tung,thought of:与“人类精神” and “the human spirit”,257;论道德 on morality,309;论进化作为善的追求 on evolution as pursuit of good,413;与达尔文 and Darwin,449—450;其“适应性” “fitness” of,451;其儒家思想 Confucianism in,455;其矛盾 contradictions in,456
美国 America,124,270;的帝国主义,imperialism in,310;的民主,democracy in,346—347
美国革命America Revolution,183
美洲印第安人 America Indians,参阅红种人 red men
孟德尔 Mendel,Gregor Johann,382
孟德斯鸠 Montesquieu,Baron de,159
蒙古 Mongolia,332
蒙古人 Mongols,96,98,331,334
孟子 Mencius,65,77,143,237,272,305;被康有为引用 cited by K'ang Yu-wei,20;被严复引用 cited by Yen Fu,72;被梁启超引用 cited by Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,93,149,215,216,311,315;论人性 on human nature,150—151,397—400;论人类的可完善性 on perfectibility of man,166,167,420,426;需要修正 need to revise,223;与功利主义 and utilitarianism,252—256;与孔子的关联 relationship to Confucius,396;与克鲁泡特金 and Kropotkin,399;与达尔文主义 and Darwinism,411,446
《民报》Min Pao(People's journal),180,318,322,323,328,372,446
“民权”min-ch'üan(“people's rights”),186
民生主义 min-sheng-chu-i(the people's livelihood),356;作为国家社会主义 as state socialism,366(https://www.daowen.com)
民主 democracy:与种族 and race,67—75;为了团结社会有机体 to unify social organism,70;严复论 Yen Fu on,71—72,122;麦孟华论 Mai Meng-hua on,119—120;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,122,337;与进化 and evolution,125;其“适应性” “fitness” of,144;与革命 and revolution,185—192;与共和革命派 and Republican Revolutionaries,334—355,363
民主革命 democratic revolution,185—192;与政体 and government,186;与君主政体 and monarchy,187;与自由 and freedom,187—188,189;应用于民主革命的阶段说 stage theory applied to,188—189;破坏与变革 destruction and change,191—192
灭绝 extinction,章炳麟论 Chang Ping-lin on,418
穆勒 Mill,John Stuart,159,440;论人类的可完善性 on perfectibility of man,11;论自由 on liberty,188
“民族主义” min-tsu chu-i(racism),326—328,330
民族主义 People's Principles,与排满“种族主义” and anti-Manchu “racism”,319
明恩溥 Smith Arthur H.,303
明太祖 Ming T'ai Tsu,334
摩西 Moses,272
墨子 Mo Tzu,272;论思想统一 on unity of thought,234,235;论道德 on morality,244,251;与功利主义 and utilitarianism,252—253
穆斯林 Moslems,330—331,334
N
拿破仑 Napoleon,Buonaparte,310
南美洲 South America,313
《男女杂交说》“Theory of promiscuous copulation”,379—380
尼采 Nietzsche,Friedrich Wilhelm,55,110,316,440,451
牛顿 Newton,Issac,11
奴隶性 slave mentality(nu-li hsing),185;政体的缺陷 fault of government,180
O
欧文 Owen,Robert,35
欧洲人 Europeans,“泙澼子”论中国人与欧洲人的对比 “P'ing-p'i-tzu” on Chinese vs.,131—134;另见西方 the West
P
排孔 p'ai k'ung(“get rid of Confucius”),225—226,230;其后果 consequences of,230—235
排孔运动 anti-Confucian Movement,严复发起 initiated by Yen Fu,225—226;另见“排孔” p'ai K'ung
排满革命 anti-Manchu revolution,181—185,319;另见社会革命 social revolution
佩利 Paley,William,79
《辟韩》“Righteous Refutation of Han Yü”(严复),100
皮嘉佑 P'i Chia-yu,论国际法 on international law,141
平等 equality:钱博斯兄弟论 the Chamberses on,24;与国际法 and international law,140—141,143;与进步 and progress,368—369
“泙澼子”“Ping-p'i-tzu”;见唐才常 T'ang Ts'ai-ch'ang
破坏 destruction,与进步 and progress,191—192
Q
“气” Ch'i(ether),134,269
气候 Climate,与种族 and race,134,135
迁徙 migration,以替代竞争 alternative to competition,408
钱博斯兄弟 Chambers,William and Robert:论进步 on progress,22—25;论竞争 on competition,24;论自然权利 on natural rights,24—25
《钱博斯教育课程》 Chambers Educational Course,22
强大 Strength:西方的强大 of Westerners,40,51;道德的强大 in morality,65;国家的强大 of nations,民主政治的强大 in democracy,70
强学会 Ch'iang hsueh hui(Society for the study of strength),7
强学会 Society for the Study of Strength,84
乔治 George,亨利 Henry,78
侵略aggression,梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,266
秦始皇 Ch'in Shih-Huang,28—29,310
清议报 Ch'ing i pao(Journal of honest criticism),179,181,184,188,212,315,316,357
秋瑾 Ch'iu Chin,371
“群”Ch'ün(groups),58,60—67,143;严复论 Yen Fu on,63,162;与种族 and race,68—69;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,107;善恶观念与群的生存 conscience and survival of,160—161;群的自由 freedom for,189—190;与个体的对比 vs.individual,195;早婚对群的影响 effect of early marriage on,213,215;对群的新寻求 new search for,235;与“公德”的需求 and the need for kung te,238;荀子论 Hsun Tzu on,239;群的道德 morality for,241,244—245;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,249;与自营 and self-assertion,260;与利他主义 and altruism,281;人类的进步 progress of human,352;与马克思主义 and Marxism,450,451,452
群体 Group;见“群”ch'ün
R
“仁” jen(compassion,love,or benevolence),20
“忍” jen(forbearance),261
《仁学》 Jen hsueh(The study of universal love;谭嗣同),108
人工选择与自然选择的对比 artificial selection vs.natural,354
人类 Man:可完善性 perfectability of,10—11;与进步观念 and idea of progress,13—14;康有为论人类的堕落K'ang Yu-wei on the fall of,20;《佐治刍言》论 Tso chih ch'u yen on,23;在自然界的位置 place of in nature,92,194—195,348,354,394;与后天遗传 and acquired characteristics,103—104;达尔文论人类的位置 Darwin on place of,110,202;赫胥黎论人类的力量 Huxley on power of,350;人类“修葺过”的进化evolution “pruned” by,367
人类的精神 human spirit,梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,257—258
人类的可完善性 perfectibility of man:图尔高论 Abbé Turgot on,10;康德论 Kant on,10;孔多塞论 Condorcet on,11;圣西门论 St.Simon on,11;穆勒论 Mill on,11;托克维尔论 Tocqueville on,11;《物种起源》论 Origin on,14;赫胥黎的摒弃 Huxley's rejection of,163—164;严复论 Yen Fu on,164,166—167;一份达尔文主义的遗产 a Darwinian legacy,454—455;与思想改造 and thought reform,455
人类的努力 human endeavor:与种族的兴衰 and rise and fall of races,135;孙中山对此的信仰 Sun Yat-sen's faith in,370
《人类的由来》The Descent of Man(达尔文 Darwin):论后天性状 on acquired characteristics,103—104;论群体之间的斗争 on struggle between groups,109;论物种的变异 on modification of species,109—110;论意志力 on will power,304—305;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,391
人类公理 Jen-lei kung-li(康有为),18
人类行动 human action:严复论人类行动之必要 Yen Fu on necessity for,169;斯宾塞否定人类行动 denied by Spencer,170
《人类与动物的情感表达》The Expression of the Emotions of Man and Animals(达尔文 Darwin),304,306;论意志力 on will power,304—305
《人类在自然界的位置》Man's Place in Nature(赫胥黎),350—351
人力 jen li(man power),344—345
人为 jen wei(human action),169,170,173,344;与唯意志论 and voluntarism,345;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,351—352
人性 human nature:梁启超论改良人性之必要 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on need to improve,149;孟子论 Mencius on,149,150—151,397—400;荀子论 Hsun Tzu on,167;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,396—401;章炳麟论 Chang Ping-lin on,416;无政府主义者论 Anarchists on,426;胡适论 Hu Shih on,443
日本 Japan:西方帝国主义的效仿者 imitator of Western imperialism,49,312;与种族主义 and racism,98;中国的榜样 example for China,122;梁启超在日本 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao in,199;来自日本学者的影响 influence of scholars from,247;日本的好战 militancy of,264—265,266;日本的自信心 self-confidence of,270
儒家学说的反动性 reactionary quality of Confucianism,224
儒教(儒家学说)Confucianism:论道德作为力量之源 on morality as source of power,65;梁启超的 of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,87,305;保教运动 movement to perserve,106,144;达尔文主义的挑战 challenged by Darwinism,149,411;生存 survival of,152—153;严复 of Yen Fu,164,166;与进化 and evolution,165,221;达尔文主义儒家学说 Darwinian,167;采取行动 in action,169—175;赫胥黎 and Huxley,170;梁启超削弱儒教 undermined by Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,216—235;作为宗教 as religion,219;与新道德 and new morality,236;与功利主义 and utilitarianism,252;缺乏好战精神 lack of militancy in,261—262;与灵魂 and the soul,293;与克己 and k'o chi,309;孙中山的 of Sun Yat-sen,349;与无政府主义者 and Anarchists,420,426;与精神 and spirit,425—426;与互助 and mutual aid,443;与达尔文主义 and Darwinism,446
S
萨姆纳Sumner,William Graham
三民主义 Three People's Principles:基于大同 based in Ta t'ung,32;民权主义第二原则 democracy as second,334;对进化的依赖 tied to evolution,335;与社会主义 and socialism,355—356
三世 Three Ages(san shih),93,113;康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,28—31,120;注疏 commentaries on,29—30;《礼运》的文本 in “Li yun” text,34;麦孟华论 Mai Meng-hua on,119—120;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,124—125;与斗争 and struggle,142,149
《山海经》Shan hai ching(Book of mountains of seas),151,152,375
《尚书》Shu ching,251,412
尚武 Militancy:在中国缺乏尚武lack of in China,260—261,264—265;梁启超提倡尚武 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's advocacy of,261—263;毛泽东论 Mao Tse-tung on,263;与斯巴达人 and the Spartans,264;与德国人 and the Germans,264,265,266;与日本人 and Japanese,264;“精神”在其中的位置 place of “spirit” in,269—273
《上下古今谈》Shang-hsia ku-chin t'an(Talks of heaven and earth and past and present;吴稚晖),374,383—384
社会达尔文主义 Social Darwinism:在西方 in the West,4,63—64;中国对此的早期提及 early Chinese mentions of,5;传入中国 introduction in China,57;前达尔文主义的中国样式 pre-Darwinian Chinese forms,58;严复论 Yen Fu on,65;与道德 and morality,67;与“纸老虎” and “paper tigers”,74—75;群与社会达尔文主义的关联 relation of ch'ün to,108;与科学知识的匮乏 and lack of scientific knowledge,129;与宗教 and religion,152;赫胥黎的社会达尔文主义与斯宾塞的社会达尔文主义的对比 of Huxley vs.Spencer,158—162;与排满思想 and anti-Manchuism,182,324—326;梁启超的 of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,215,260—273;其伦理 ethics of,241;与颉德 and Kidd,289;与达尔文 and Darwin,306;论作为善之自然 on nature as good,366—367;与进步 and progress,369;与重大修正 and Great Revisio,390;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,400—410;中国无政府主义者的 of the Chinese Anarchists,411—433;马克思的 of Marx,445;与马克思主义者 and the Marxists,451—452
社会革命 social revolution:西方无法避免社会革命 inevitable in West,358;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,359—360,366;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,360;与土地问题 and the land problem,365—366
社会进化 Social evolution:甄克思论 Jenks on,224,329;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,346
《社会进化论》Social Evolution(颉德),280
社会向善论 Meliorism,443
《社会通诠》 History of Politics(甄克思 Jenks),严复翻译 translated by Yen Fu,224,226,326
社会有机体 social organism:斯宾塞与严复论 Spencer and Yen Fu on,64,71,79;与不朽 and immortality 294;胡汉民论 Hu Han-min on,352
社会之不朽 social immortality,292—305;与社会责任 social responsibility,298—300神话; Myths,达尔文留下的 bequeathed by Darwin:科学万能 omnipotence of science,453—454;历史必然性 historical inevitability,454;未来主义 futurism,454;至善论 perfectionism,454—455;先知先觉主义 prescientism,455
社会主义 socialism:颉德论 Kidd on,283—284;与达尔文 and Darwin,355—370;与躐等 and stage-skipping,362—363;论西方的弊病 on ills of the West,364;与进步 and progress,368—370;其“适应性” “fitness” of,452;另见国家社会主义 state socialism
圣经 Bible,the,9
升平世 Relative or increasing Peace,Age of(sheng-p'ing),28
升平世 ascending peace,age of,28,149
圣人 Sages:康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,40;严复论 Yen Fu on,51,53,54—55,56,61,225;麦孟华论 Mai Meng-hua on,119;与宗法制中国 and China as patriarchal,225;荀子论 Hsun Tzu on,399
圣西门 St.Simon,Claude Henri,19,21,35,357;论人类的可完善性 on perfectibility of man,11
师复 Shih-fu(刘思复 Liu Ssu-fu),371
史华兹 Schwartz,Benjamin,62;论《天演论》on T'ien-yen lun,157,158
释迦牟尼 Sakyamuni,272,296
《史记》Book of History,323
《十九世纪史》The Nineteenth Century(麦肯齐),293;译成中文 translated into Chinese,45,92—93;中译本 Chinese version,46—47;对康有为的影响 influence on K'ang Yu-wei,193
《时务报》Shih-wu pao(Current affairs),84,126,172,181;报刊的典范 model for journals,85;提及《天演论》 mention of T'ien-yen lun,91,107;其中的种族主义 racism in,97—100,114;其中的阶段观 concept of stages in,112—113;其中的达尔文主义用语 Darwinian terms in,116
时务学堂 Shih-wu hsueh-t'ang(Academy of Current Affairs),125—126
史学革命 historical revolution,192—198;历史作为人类的进化纪事 history as story of human progress,193
士梯尼 Stirner,Max,440
适应性 fitness:与民主 and democracy,339;与社会主义 and socialism,369;梁漱溟论中国的适应性 Liang Sou-ming on China's,441,中国革命派的 of Chinese revolutionaries,444;与马克思主义 and Marxism,450
适应性的转变 adaptation,竞争的替代物 alternative to competition,408—410
实用主义 pragmatism,作为达尔文主义 as Darwinian,444
适者生存 survival of the fittest:应用于国家 applied to nations,3,66;变革对于适者生存的必要 necessity of change for,91—92;进步与适者生存的关系 relation of progress to,104—107;此术语的早期影响 early influence of term,116;与宗教 and religion,144—154;与群 and the ch'ün,162;与种族冲突 and racial strife,181—185;早婚的影响 affected by early marriage,214;对道德的威胁 a threat to morality,237;与功利主义 and utilitarianism,246;与“精神” and “spirit”,268—269;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,402
“守本分”shou pen fen(“accept your lot”),55
叔本华 Schopenhauer,Arthur,414
《说群》“Shuo ch'ün”(On the group;梁启超),107
马克思主义的中国化 Sinicization of Marxism,梁启超论马克思主义中国化的必要 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on need for,241—243,365—366
斯巴达 Sparta,214,264
斯宾塞 Spencer,Herbert,15,72,121,138,241,243;与个人主义 and individualism,64;与《群学》 and ch'ün hsueh,64;关于三种精神 three energies of,65;论渐进主义 on gradualism,73;论不思议之物 on the unknowable,76,164,165;论适者生存 on survival of the fit,77;对斯宾塞的不同理解 different interpretations of,78;与达尔文的对比 vs.Darwin,138;与《天演论》 and T'ien-yen lun,157;与严复 and Yen Fu,158—159,161,165,169,345;论人类行动 on human action,170;与赫胥黎 and Huxley,171;论部分与整体 on unit and aggregate,296;梁启超利用斯宾塞 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's use of,338—339;论进步 on progress,414
私德 ssu te(private morality),238,259;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,275—279;与赫胥黎 and Huxley,275—277;其中的克己 self-restraint in,277
四人帮 Gang of Four,论孔子 on Confucius,216,252,277
斯密 Smith,亚当 Adam,159,160
斯特宾斯 Stebbins,G.Ledyard,405,410
斯图尔特 Stewart,玛丽亚 Maria W.,427
死亡 death:颉德论 Kidd on,289;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,290,291,292,299;鲁迅论 Lu Hsun on,290—291;毛泽东论 Mao Tse-tung on,291;与不朽 and immortality,292—307
思想改造 thought-reform,与可完善性 and perfectibility,455
《苏报》Su pao(The Kiangsu journal),179
苏东坡 Su Tung-p'o,69,73
孙中山 Sun Yat-sen,279,414,429,446,450;对达尔文的认识 knowledge of Darwin,5,317—318;论大同 on Ta t'ung,32,34,35;论追赶西方 on catching up with the West,73,74,342—343;其唯意志论 voluntarism of,115;论横滨学校 onYokoham school,115;与梁启超 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,180,186;与革命 and revolution,180,192,208,358—359;其排满革命 anti-Manchu revolution of,181,319,330;三民主义 Three People's Principles,186,356;对达尔文的滥用 misused of Darwin,275,355;与种族主义 and racism,330,334;论民主 on democracy,334—335;论政治 political tutelage,341;论生物进化与社会进化 on biological vs.social evolution,347—348;论人类在自然界的位置 on man's place in nature,351,353—354;进化的信仰 faith in evolution,354—355;与社会主义 and socialism,355—370;论资本主义 on capitalism,365,367;论土地问题 on land problem,365—366;其“原始克鲁泡特金主义”“proto-Kropotkinism” of,411;谴责达尔文主义 Darwinism denounced by,435,436;其思想的重新发现 ideas rediscovered,437;与赫胥黎 and Huxley,443;论开明专制 on enlightened dictatorship,448
T
胎教 Pre-natal education,梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,101—103
太平 Complete or Great Peace,Age of(t'ai p'ing),28
太平世 Great Peace,Age of,28,149
太平天国起义 Taiping Rebellion,319
《泰西新史揽要》T'ai his hsin shih lan yao(The essentials of recent Western history);见《十九世纪史》 The Nineteenth Century
谭嗣同 T'an Ssu-t'ung,107,108,125;在湖南,127
“醰醰子”“T'an-t'an-tzu”,与国际法 and international law,141
唐才常 T'ang Ts'ai-ch'ang(“泙澼子”“Ping-p'i-tzu”),127;关于种族研究 on study of races,130—131;论黄种与白种 on yellow and white races,132—135;其影响 influence of,137;论生存斗争 on struggle for survival,143;提倡革命 advocate of revolution,143—144;论宗教 on religion,144—145
天 Heaven,康有为对天的观念 K'ang Yu-wei's concept of,39
天命 destiny,严复论 Yen Fu on,51—52,54
天下为公 t'ien-hsia wei kung(The earth is for all),33
天行 T'ien hsing(the cosmic process),169,172
《天演论》T'ien-yen lun(The theory of evolution,赫胥黎的《进化论与伦理学》中译本;严复译),83,155—175,212,414;对梁启超的影响 influence on Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,89—91,259;《时务报》对其的提及 mentioned in Shih-wu pao,91,100,107;梁启超的详细解释 expounded by Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,107,121;其影响 influence of,155—157;与儒家学说 and Confucianism,169;作为赫胥黎著作的译本 as translation of Huxley,172,260,267,273,351;论不朽 on immortality,293;与人为 and jen wei,353—354
天意 providence:与进步论者 and progressionists,12;与自然秩序 and natural order,13
《天义报》T'ien i pao(Journal of natural right),372,422,431
天意律令 providential laws,麦肯齐使用的术语 term used by MacKenzie,47
天择 t'ien tse(Heaven [or nature] chooses),61
条顿民族 Teutons,梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,197
条约 Treaties,与国际法 and international law,143
同化 assimilation,种族的 racial:布仑希利论 Bluntschli on,332—333;汪精卫论 Wang Ching-wei on,334
统一 Unity:作为“百花”方针的反动 as reaction against Hundred Flowers,233—234;寻求新的统一 new search for,234—235
同治中兴 Tung-chih Restoration,86
突变 mutation,与意图 and design,13
图尔高 Turgot,Abbé,10,35
土耳其 Turkey,114,117
屠仁守 T'u Jen-shou,100
团结 solidarity:作为力量之源 as source of strength,62—64;达尔文论 Darwin on,111;赫胥黎论 Huxley on,162,275;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,275—276
托克维尔 Tocqueville,Alexis de,11,12,336
托拉斯 Trusts:与帝国主义 and imperialism,361;与社会主义 and socialism,361—363,366
托洛斯基 Trotsky,Leon,447
W
《外交报》Wai chiao pao(Journal of foreign relations),352
《万国公报》Wan kuo kung pao(The globe magazine),5
《万国公法》Wan kuo kung fa(惠顿的《国际法》的中译本 translation of Wheaton's International Law),140
《万国史记》Wan kuo shih chi(A history of the ten thousand nations),131—132
完善 perfection:达尔文论 Darwin on,14;与进化 and evolution,174
王弼 Wang Pi,59
王充 Wang Ch'ung,256;《礼运》的阐释者 interpreter of “Li yun”,41—42
汪精卫 Wang Ching-wei:论满族 on Manchus,323,325;与梁启超 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,327;论同化 on assimilation,332—333
汪康年 Wang K'ang-nien,84,126;论帝国主义 on imperialism,94—95
王莽 Wang Mang,43
王韬 Wang T'ao,44
王维 Wang Wei,278
王星拱 Wang Hsing-kung,444
王阳明 Wang Yang-ming,278
维多利亚女王 Victoria,Queen,309—310
威尔伯福斯 Wilberforce,大主教 Bishop William,76,150,152
唯科学主义 scientism:梁启超的 of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,92;其胜利 victory of,442
未来主义 Futurism,289
韦斯曼 Weismann,Auguse,280
唯物主义 Materialism,243,256—259;新道德的基础 basis for new morality,256
维新 reform:孔子作为维新的倡导者 Confucius as advocate of,44;麦肯齐论 Mackenzie on,46;严复作为维新的倡导者 Yen Fu as advovate of,78;与慈禧太后 and the Empress Dowager,153—154;与革命 vs.revolution,190,319
维新运动 Reform Movement of 1895—1898:达尔文在其中的作用 Darwin's part in,83;报刊在其中的位置 place of journals in,85—86;在湖南 in Hunan,127
维新派 Reformer:论民主 on democracy,337;论社会主义 on socialism,356,360;论资本主义 on capitalism,367;另见君主立宪派 Constitutional Monarchists
唯心主义 idealism:中国的唯心主义观念 concept in China,256;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,257
唯意志论 voluntarism:在生存斗争中 in the struggle for existence,69;严复的 of Yen Fu,77,109;梁启超的 of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,93—94,109,271;达尔文论 Darwin on,109,136,207,301,305;与侠 and hsia,114;鲁迅的 of Lu Hsun,206;与革命 and revolution,211;与遗传 and heredity,300—301;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,344—345;章炳麟论 Chang Ping-lin on,353;吴稚晖的 Wu Chih-hui on,386
文化革命 Cultural Revolution,180;梁启超论文化革命之必要 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on need for,192;文化革命之继续 resumption of,437
文明civilization,钱博斯兄弟论 the Chambers on,23—24
物竞 wu ching([living] things contend),61
吴汝纶 Wu Ju-lun,170,171
武士道 bushidō,梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,269—270
五四运动 May Fourth Movement,124;与梁启超 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,180;与达尔文主义 and Darwinism,437
乌托邦 Utopias:作为俗世基督教 as secular Christianity,9;康有为的乌托邦 of K'ang Yu-wei,18
无为 wu-wei(“no action against nature”),170
五无论 Five no's theory,414—415,417—419;论政府 on government,417—418;论领土 on territory,418;论人类生命 on human life,418
吴樾 Wu Yueh,371
无政府主义 we-cheng-fu-chu-i(“no government”;anarchism),370
无政府主义者 Anarchists:与达尔文 and Darwin,370—433;理论家ideologues,370—371;行动家 activists,370—371;与克鲁泡特金的重大修正 and Kropotkin's Great Revision,389—411;其社会达尔文主义 social Darwinism of,411—433;与章炳麟 Chang Ping-lin,419—420;进步的信仰,faith in progress,420—422;论自然权利 on natural rights,423,426;与儒家学说 and Confucianism,426;论种族 on race,426—429;论革命 on revolution,429—430;论暴力 on violence,430—431;与民族主义 and nationalism,431;与马克思主义 and Marxism,431—433;与新文化运动 and New Culture Movement,438
无政府主义者巴黎团体 paris group of Anarchists,371—372
无政府主义者东京团体 Tokyo group of Anarchists,370—371
吴稚晖 Wu Chih-hui,371,414,450;其科学知识 scientific knowledge of,373,389;论进化 on evolution,377—379,382—389;论鞠普 on Chü P'u,378—379,381;其唯意志论 voluntarism of,386;论进步 on progress,420,422;论种族 on race,423—424;论民族主义 on nationalism,431;其思想的重新发现 ideas rediscovered,437
物种变异 modification of species,达尔文论 Darwin on,109—110
《物种起源》The Origin of Species(达尔文),3,362;其副标题 subtitle of,13—14;论可完善性 on perfectibility,14;传入中国 introduced to China,59,130—131;假定进化即善 assumption of evolution as good,76;论自强 on self-strengtherning,109;论斗争 on struggle,209;与道德规范 and ethics,241;论遗传 on heredity,300;其中的拉马克思想 Lamarckianism in,302;其翻译 translations of,306;《新世纪》里涉及《物种起源》的文章 article in New Century on,375;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,390—391;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,439—440
X
西方 West,the:西方的进步学说 theories of progress in,9—15,336;对严复的影响 influence on Yen Fu,15;西方的力量 power of,50—51;其社会达尔文主义 social Darwinism in,63—64;中国追赶西方 China's catching up with,73—74,342,344;其内部矛盾 internal contradictions of,74;与种族主义 and racism,97,142;西方的科学 science in,129;与国际法 and international law,137—142;严复的翻译所揭示出来的西方 revealed in Yen Fu's translation,156—157;作为中国的生活方式的来源 as source of China's way of life,232—233;赞颂侵略 praised for aggression,266;其帝国主义 imperialism in,425—426;一战之后 after World War I,439
西化 Westernization,儒家学说的 of Confucianism,145;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,242—243
西藏 Tibet,331,332,334
侠 hsia:侠的典范 ideal of,113;麦孟华论 Mai Meng-hua on,113—114;与唯意志论 and voluntarism,114
侠雷儿 Lyell,Charles,67;著作的翻译 translation of works of,4,26
夏曾佑 Hsia Tseng-yu,89
先天-后天之争 nature-nurture controversy,荀子论 Hsun Tzu on,398—399
《湘学新报》Hsiang hsueh hsin pao(The Human study news),128;论外国民族的文章 articles on foreign peoples in,129;论斗争 on struggle,142,144
孝 hsiao,受到达尔文的削弱 undermined by Darwinism,217
孝道 Filial piety:抨击孝道 attack on,203—205;鲁迅论 Lu Hsun on,207;毛泽东论 Mao Tse-tung on,208;被改造的孝道 redirected,216;另见家庭 family
小康 Hsiao k'ang(lesser tranquility or relative peace),40,42
消灭 extermination,克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,404—406
小我 Hsiao wo(Little I),293—295;小我之不朽 immortality of,296—297
新道德 new morality:梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,236—316;达尔文拥护新道德 Darwin as champion of,237—243;其功利主义 utilitarianism of,243—256;其唯物主义 materialism of,243,256—259;幸福问题 problem of happiness,246—247;其利己主义 self-interest in,247—248;与唯心主义 and idealism,256—257;与人类精神 and human spirit,258;与马克思主义 and Marxism,258—259;其重要原则 important tenets of,259—260;其好战性 militancy of,260—267;与毅力 and perseverance,267—268;与“精神”and “spirit”,268—273;与自营 and self-assertion,273,276;与克己 and self-restraint,273—279,295;与佛教 and Buddhism,295—307;其承诺 promise of,307;人民共和国的新道德 of the People's Republic,307;与反对帝国主义 and anti-imperialism,309—316
辛亥革命 Revolution of 1911,436
新疆 Turkestan,332
《新民丛报》Hsin min ts'ung pao(A new people),179,192,193,208,256,310,368
《新民说》Hsin min shuo(Towards a new people:梁启超),189,191
《新青年》The New Youth,437;“列宁号”“Lenin issue” of,448
《新世纪》Hsin shih-chi(A new century),372—373,422,423—424;里面的科学 science in,374—380;对克鲁泡特金的介绍 Kropotkin introduced in,413
《新史学》“New Historiography”(“Hsin shih hsueh”;梁启超),193
新文化运动 New Culture Movement,210;与文化革命的继续 and resumption of cultural revolution,437;与达尔文主义 and Darwinism,438
《新学伪经考》Hsin Hsueh wei ching k'ao(A study of the forged Classics of the Hsin period;康有为),44
幸福 Happiness:与功利主义 and utilitarianism,245—246;与进步 and progress,283—284
性格 hsing-ko(character),302,303
熊谷五郎 Kumagai Gorō,345注释
匈奴 Hsiung-nu,322—323
熊希龄 Hsiung His-ling,125
休伯 Huber,皮埃尔 Pierre,389
徐继畲 Hsu Chi-yü,地理学著作 work on geography,130
徐勤 Hsu Ch'in,87;与大同学校 and Ta T'ung School,115
虚无主义者 Nihilists,俄国的 Russian,370
徐锡麟 Hsu His-lin,371
薛福成 Hsueh Fu-ch'eng,论种族 on race,132,134,135,136—137
学会 hsueh-hui(study societies),7
循环观 Cyclical theory,与儒家学说 and Confucianism,37
荀子 Hsun Tzu,61,162,272;论人类的强大 on strength of man,63;论道德 on morality,65,239—240,248,255,397—398;论团结为力量 on solidarity as strength,111;论人类的可完善性 on perfectibility of man,166,167;论人类行动 on human action,170;论思想统一 on unity of thought,234;与功利主义 and utilitarianism,252;与孔子之关系 relation to Confucius,396,422;章炳麟论 Chang Ping-lin on,416
Y
亚里士多德 Aristotle,239—240
鸦片战争 Opium War,对中国的影响 effect on China,26—27
严复 Yen Fu,155,315,414;达尔文著作的翻译 translation of Darwin,4,5,317;达尔文的介绍者 as introducer of Darwin,7,56,59,78,373;论国家之强 on national strength,7—8,50;论进步 on progress,15,56,174—175,193;对康有为的影响 influence on K'ang Yu-wei,15;在英国的学习 study in England,16,199;论《礼运》on “Li yun”,33;论西方的力量 on Western power,51,344,364;论决定论 on determinism,52—53,77;论圣人 on the Sages,53—55,56,119,225;论韩愈 on Han Yü,53—54;论儒家学说 on Confucianism,55,169,221;论斯宾塞 on Spencer,64—65,77—78;与群 and the Ch'ün,65,296;论中国的生存 on China's survival,66,429;论强权与公理 on might vs.right,66—67;论种族与民主 on race and democracy,67—75;接近革命 approach to revolution,71—72;论渐进主义 on gradualism,73;论追赶西方 on catching up with the west,73—74,342,358,439;论合乎自然的无序状态 on disorder as natural,76;其行动主义 activism of,77,94,109;个人主义被忽视 individualism ignored by,79;其唯科学主义 scientism of,92;与梁启超 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,88,247,267;与《时务报》 and Shih-wu pao,100,107;论环境 on environment,103;论生存与保存 on survival and preservation,106;论民主 on democracy,120—121,335,337,342—343;论人类法律与自然法则的对比 on laws of men vs.nature,138;与社会达尔文主义 and social Darwinism,158—160;与赫胥黎 and Huxley,162—169,260,277,392,443;抨击孔子 attack on Confucius,224;其唯意志论 voluntarism of,206,306,345;论不朽 on immortality,293;受到批评 criticized,327—329,352;论社会革命 on social revolution,359;与“原始克鲁泡特金主义” and “proto-Kropotkinism”,411;其思想的重新发现 ideas rediscovered,437
杨度 Yang Tu,296,368
杨子Yang Tzu,39
叶德辉 Yeh Te-hui:论宗教 on religion,145;论种族杂婚 on miscegenation,146—148;论进化与儒家学说 on evolution and Confucianism,149—153,222
遗传 heredity:梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,101,293—294,300,303;身体遗传与心理遗传的对比 physical vs.psychological,302—303;与羯磨 and karma,306;与道德意识 and moral consciousness,421
《易经》I ching,112
《易经》Book of Changes,125
毅力 Perseverance:梁启超提倡 advocated by Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,267;赫胥黎论 Huxley on,267—268
易鼐 I Nai:论国际法和西化 on international law and westernization,141—142;论宗教 on religion,145;论种族杂婚 on miscegenation,146,212;对易鼐之建议的反应 reaction to proposals of,147
意图 design,与进化的关联,linked to evolution,76,288,422
伊尹 I Yin,446—447
意志力 will power:与进化 and evolution,206—207,301;达尔文论 Darwin on,304—305;中国需要意志力 China's need for,349;吴稚晖论 Wu Chih-hui on,386;另见唯意志论 voluntarism
一治一乱 i chih i luan(a period of order,then one of chaos),37
印度 India,124;作为中国的范例 as example to China,6,95,114,117,135,213
英国 Britain,124;帝国主义imperialism of,94—95;其自信 self-confidence of,270;另见西方 the West
应祖锡 Ying Tsu-hsi,22
《尤里西斯》“Ulysses”(丁尼生),168
尤曼斯 Youmans,Edward Livingston,78
《余之死生观》“My View of Life and Death”(梁启超),306—307
宇宙进程 Cosmic process,与伦理进程 and ethical process,285—286
《原强》“Whence Strength? ”(“Yuan ch'iang”),58,62,83,131
袁世凯 Yuan Shih-k'ai,431,435,437
原罪 original sin,166—167
运 yun(“course”),123—124
Z
曾国藩 Tseng Kuo-fan,86
战国 Warring States,75e,91,296;孙中山的英雄 hero of Sun Yat-sen,318
詹姆斯 James,威廉 William,443
章炳麟 Chang Ping-lin,74;其种族主义 racism of,97,330—332;论革命 on revolution,318,330;论严复 on Yen Fu,329;论唯意志论 on voluntarism,353;作为无政府主义者 as Anarchist,370,371,419;论进化 on evolution,413—417;其“五无论” five no's theory of,413—417
张灏 Chang Hao,341,356
张继 Chang Chi,370,371
张崧年 Chang Sung-nien,447—448
张之洞 Chang Chih-tung,126,201;论新报刊 on new journals,85—86;对《时务报》动怒 angered at Shih-wu pao,100;论生存斗争 on struggle of survival,153
《浙江潮》 Che-chiang ch'ao(Tides of Chekiang),179
甄克思 Jenks,Edward,121,159;严复的翻译 translated by Yen Fu,224,326;遭受批评 criticized,329
“争” Cheng(struggle),61
政府 government:政府的进化 evolution of,336;无政府主义者论 Anarchists on,372,427—429;与五无论 and the five no's theory,417—418
政治革命 Political revolution,334—355,360
“争自存” Cheng tzu-ts'un (struggle for your own survival),达尔文主义口号 Darwinian slogan,136
资本主义 capitalism:梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,361—362;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,364;中国缺乏 lacking in China,365;作为社会主义的过渡阶段,as stage to socialism,366
“纸老虎”“Paper tigers”,74—75
“忠” Chung(loyalty to the king),217
重大修正 Great revision of evolution theory by Kropotkin 克鲁泡特金对进化学说作出的,389—411;与中国无政府主义者 and Chinese Anarchists,411—429;其主要启示 primary message of,429
“中国” Chung-kuo(the Middle Kingdom),200
中国China:中国的生存 survival of,66;作为种族的 as a race,67—69,132—133;与唯意志论 and voluntarism,69—70;其君主立宪 constitutional monarchy in,72—73;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,93,200;其隔绝与生存 isolation and survival of,105,128;其大同理想 Ta t'ung as ideal of,112;家长制的 as patriarchal,224;与儒教 and Confucianism,231—233;需要新道德 need for new morality in,241—242;其功利主义 utilitarianism in,250—251;缺乏好战精神 lack of militancy in,261;需要“精神” need for “spirit” in,269—270;与羯磨 and karma,299;雷锋献身于 Lei Feng' devotion to,308;提倡帝国主义 imperialism advocated for,312—313;与开明专制 and enlightened dictatorship,338,448;需要意志力 need for will power,349;需要社会主义的重点 focus of need for socialism,356—357,361—362;无政府主义者论 Anarchists on,428;要求无政府主义与马克思主义 appeal of Anarchism and Marxism in,431—433;其达尔文主义的辩解 Darwinian defense of,441—442;达尔文在中国的影响概述 summary of Darwin's influence in,448—453;其达尔文遗产 Darwin's legacy in,453—458
中国共产党 Chinese Communist Party,447;论早婚 on early marriage,215;与新道德 and new morality,307;Lei Feng as hero of雷锋作为的英雄,308—309;反对帝国主义 anti-imperialism of,309
《中国新报》 Chungkuo hisn pao(New China news),368
中华人民共和国 People's Republic of China:其中的梁启超思想 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's thought in,308—316;其中的种族分离主义 racial separatism in,334;另见中国共产党Chinese Communist Party
种族 race:严复论民主与种族 Yen Fu on democracy and,67—75;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,96—97,313;种族的进步 progress of,104,107;《湘学新报》in Hsiang hsueh hsin pao,130;“泙澼子”论 “Ping-p'i-tzu” on,131—135;种族改良 improvement of,144;种族杂交 mixing of,145—147;与早婚 and early marriage,213—214;颉德论 Kidd on,281;与进化 and evolution,321—322;种族同化 assimilation of,332;《新世纪》里论种族的文章 article in New Century on,375—376;与达尔文主义 and Darwinism,378;另见种族主义 racism
种族革命 racial revolution,181—185,319—334;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,300
种族平等 racial equality,无政府主义者论Anarchists on,426
种族杂婚 miscegenation:理据 arguments for,145—146;鞠普论 Chü P'u on,379
种族主义 racism:梁启超的 of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,96—97,101;《时务报》里的 in Shih-wu pao,97—100,114—120;“黄祸”“yellow peril”,98—99;麦孟华的 of Mai Meng-hua,118—119;与世界种族 and races of the world,129;与梁启超的历史学说 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's theory of history,196;与排满思想 and anti-Manchuism,321—326;严复论 Yen Fu on,326—328;与民族主义 and nationalism,327;章炳麟论 Chang Ping-lin on,330—332;孙中山的 of Sun Yat-sen,330,334;无政府主义者论 Anarchists on,423—424,426—429;康有为的 of K'ang Yu-wei,91注释
周佛海 Chou Fo-hai,445
周武王 Chou Wu Wang,324
周作人 Chou Tso-jen,443
朱执信 Chu Chih-hsin,325
专制 despotism:与进步 and progress,46;与奴隶心理 and slave mentality,186;与进化 and evolution,188;另见独裁 dictatorship
自力 tzu-li(self-effort),梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,273
自强 tzu-ch'iang(make ourselves strong),6
自强 self-strengthening,6,86;康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,57—58;严复论 Yen Fu on,64,173;与“杂种” and “mixing the race”,147
自然 nature:西方人所认识的自然法则 laws of known to Westerners,58;新自然观 new vision of,155—156;征服自然 conquest of,349—350;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,351—352;与善 and the good,366—367;克鲁泡特金信奉自然 Kropotkin's faith in,392—393
自然权利 natural rights:拥有自然权利 property,24;国际法之下的自然权利 under international law,114;与进化 and evolution,422—423自然秩序 natural order:作为战国的组成部分warring states as part of,75—76;自然秩序的努力 efforts to change,170
自然选择 natural selection:与意图 and design,13;中国人对其反应Chinese reaction to,60—67;严复论 Yen Fu on,161;与社会本能 and social instincts,167;与人为选择 vs.artificial 354;与帝国主义 and imperialism,361;与吴稚晖 and Wu Chih-hui,387;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,403—404,406—407;与适应 and adaptation,408—409
自我保存 self-preservation,作为进化之目标 as end of evolution,13—14
自我克制 self-restriant:赫胥黎论 Huxley on,260,275—277,286;新道德中的自我克制 in the new morality,273—279,295;雷锋身上的 in Lei Feng,308;与自行其是的对比 vs.self-assertion,314
自我牺牲 self-sacrifice:严复论 Yen Fu on,66;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,279—292,295;颉德论 Kidd on,288
自信 self-confidence:与野蛮的指控 and charge of barbarism,95—96;梁启超论自信之必要 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on need for,270
自行其是 self-assertion:与宇宙进程 and cosmic process,163;自行其是的达尔文主义必要性 Darwinian necessity for,248—250;与新道德 and new morality,259—260;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,267;雷锋身上的 in Lei Feng,308;与自我克制的对比 vs.self-restraint,314;赫胥黎论 Huxley on,395
自修 self-cultivation(tzu-hsiu),严复论 Yen Fu on,77—78,171
自由 Freedom(tzu-yu):严复论 Yen Fu on,71—72,166;与普遍利益 and general interest,71;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,110—111,187—192,277;思想自由 of thought,187,221,232;与进化 and evolution,188;个体自由与群体自由的对比 individual vs.group,189;与儒家学说 and Confucianism,222;自由的后果 consequences of,232—235
自由 Liberty,见自由 Freedom
《自由书》Tzu-yu shu(On liberty;梁启超)
自尊 self-respect,梁启超论自尊之必要 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on need for,270—271
宗教 religion:宗教的功用 utility of,10;康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,52,144,217;严复论保教 Yen Fu on preservation of,106;生存与宗教 survival and,144—154;与达尔文 and Darwin,219;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,222;与唯心主义 and realism,257;颉德论 Kidd on,285,287;另见佛教 Buddhism,基督教 Christianty,儒教(儒家学说) Confucianism,道教(道家学说) Taoism
棕色人种 brown race,梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,97,118,123,196,313
邹容 Tsou Jung,179,184;论革命 on revolution,318;论种族复仇 on racial veneance,320—321
祖先 ancestors:反叛祖先 revolt against,198—216,438;孝道受抨击 filial piety attacked,203—205
《佐治刍言》Tso chih ch'u yen(translation of “Homely Words to Aid Governance”),论进步 on progress,22—25,139;康有为与《佐治刍言》的关系 K'ang Yu-wei's relation to,25—26