References

References

［1］Atchison BA，Whitfeld PR，Bottomley W（1976）Comparison of chloroplast DNAs by specific fragmentation with EcoRI endonuclease.Mol Gen Genet 148：263-269

［2］Bedbrock JR，Kolodner R（1979）The structure of chloroplast DNA.Ann Rev Plant Physiol 30：593-620

［3］Bisaro D，Siegel A（1980）Sequence homology between chloroplast DNA from several higher plants.Plant Physiol 65：234-237

［4］Chen K，Johal S，Wildman SG（1976）Role of chloroplast and nuclear DNA genes during evolution of fraction 1 protein.In：Bucher Th，Neupert W，Sebald W，Werner S（eds）Genetics and biogenesis of chloroplasts and mitochondria.Elsevier/Norik Holland Biomedical Press.Amsterdam，The Netherlands，pp 3-11

［5］Frankel R，Scowcroft NR，Whitfeld PR（1979）Chloroplast DNA variation in isonuclear male-sterile lines of Nicotiana.MoI Gen Genet 169：129-135

［6］Goodspeed TH（1954）The Genus Nicotiana.Chromica Botanica.Waltham，MA

［7］Gotoh O，Hayashi JI，Yonekawa H.Tagashira Y（1979）An improved method for estimating sequence divergence between related DNAs from changes in restriction endonuclease cleavage sites.J MoI Evol 14：301-310

［8］Gray JC，Kung SD，Wildman SG.Sheen SJ（1974）Origin of Nicotiana tabacum L.detected by polypeptide composition of Fraction 1 proteins.Nature 252：226-227

［9］Helling RB，Goodman HW，Boyer HW（1974）An analysis of endonuclease R EcoRI fragments of DNA from lambdoid bacteriophages and other viruses by agarose-gel electrophoresis.J Virol 14：1235-1241

［10］Herrmann RB（1970）Multiple amounts of DNA related to the size of chloroplasts l.An autoradiographic study.Planta 90：80-96

［11］Jurgenson JE，Bourque DP（1980）Mapping or rRNA genes in an inverted repeat in Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast DNA.Nucleic Acids Res 8：3505-3516

［12］Kirk JTO（1971）Chloroplast structure and biosynthesis.Ann Rev Biochem 40：161-196

［13］Kolodner R，Tewari KK（1975）The molecular size and conformation of chloroplast DNA from higher plants.Biochim Biophys Acta 402：372-390

［14］Kung SD（1977）Expression of chloroplast genomes in higher plants.Ann Rev Plant Physiol 28：401-437(https://www.daowen.com)

［15］Kung SD，Lee CL，Wood DD，Mercarello MM（1977）Evolutionary conservation of chloroplast genes coding for the large subunit of fraction 1 protein.Plant Physiol 60：89-94

［16］Kung SD，Williams JP（1969）Chloroplast DNA from broad bean.Biochim Biophys Acta 195：434-435

［17］Rhodes PR，Kung SD（1981）Chloroplast DNA isolation：Purity achieved without nuclease digestion.Can J Biochem（submitted）Scowcroft WR（1979）Nucleotide polymorphism in chloroplast DNA of Nicotiana debneyi.Theor Appl Genet 55：133-137

［18］Sugiura M，Kusuda J（1979）Molecular cloning of tobacco chloroplast ribosomal RNA genes.MoI Gen Genet 172：137-141

［19］Thomas JR，Tewari KK（1974）Conservation of 70S ribosomal RNA genes in the chloroplast DNAs of higher plants.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71：3147-3157.

［20］Upholt WB（1977）Estimation of DNA sequence divergence from comparison of restriction endonuclease digest.Nucleic Acids Res 4：1257-1265

［21］Vedel F.Quetier F.Bayen M（1976）Specific cleavage of chloroplast DNA from higher plants by EcoRI restriction nuclease.Nature 263：440-442

［22］Vedel F.Quetier F（1978）Study oF wheat phylogeny by EcoRI analysis of chloroplastic and mitochondrial DNA.Plant Science Lett 13：97-102

［23］Walbot V（1977）Use of silica sol step gradients to prepare bundle sheath and mesophyll chloroplasts from Panicum maximum.Plant Physiol 60：102-108

Communicated by G.Melchers

Received November 17，1980

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[1]Offprint requests to：S.D.Kung.