小 结

更新于 2026年10月10日 版权声明
小 结

综上所述,我们以米克生态美学的建构为讨论中心,具体回答了“美学何以是生态的”这一问题:其一,生态美学是以生态学所确立的“有机体—环境”关系为研究范式的美学,“有机体—环境”这一研究范式在确证生态学和美学的合法关联时,内在地、逻辑地发挥了解释效力;其二,在生态美学的理论框架中,生态知识对于审美现象的解释、评价,对于拓展人们的审美反应、升华人们的审美情感,都发挥了重要作用,同时,生态知识能够帮助人们的欣赏活动突破追求形式美、风景美的传统习惯;其三,生态美学站在生态整体主义的立场上,在价值论上反思了传统美学理论中“人类中心主义”对人们审美观的误导,从而展开了对于现代主体论美学的批判和超越。因此,通过对西方生态美学史上较早理论形态的探讨,我们认为,从整体的研究范式,到具体的研究视角与方法,再到价值论上的理论取向,生态学与美学都具有合法且有效力的关联,美学由此而可以是生态的:生态的美学既不是环境美学(因为它包含艺术美学),也不是现代美学(因为它批评现代美学的非生态倾向)。

【注释】

[1]Meeker,Joseph W.“Notes Toward an Ecological Esthetic,”in Canadian Fiction Magazine 2(1972),4-15.

[2]参见程相占等著:《西方生态美学史》第二章,济南:山东文艺出版社,2021年版。

[3]参见Meeker,Joseph W.Minding the Earth:Thinly Disguised Essays on Human Ecology.California:The Latham Foundation,1988,pp.99-101.

[4]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.130.

[5]参见Meeker,Joseph W.Minding the Earth:Thinly Disguised Essays on Human Ecology.California:The Latham Foundation,1988,pp.6-13.

[6]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.132.

[7]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.129.

[8]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.125.

[9]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.29.

[10]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.24.

[11]程相占:《论生态审美的四个要点》,《天津社会科学》2013年第5期。参见本书第五章。(https://www.daowen.com)

[12]参见Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,pp.122-123.

[13]Meeker,Joseph W.Minding the Earth:Thinly Disguised Essays on Human Ecology.California:The Latham Foundation,1988,p.107.

[14]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.131.

[15]需要特别说明的是,我们这里所说的“传统美学”指生态美学正式诞生以前的美学,其主体是现代西方美学和当代中国美学,其实质也就是本书所说的那些“非生态的美学”。

[16]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.119.

[17]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.120.

[18]参见Meeker,Joseph W.The Spheres of Life:An Introduction to World Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1975,pp.58-61.

[19]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.120.

[20]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.51.

[21]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.121.

[22]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.124.

[23]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.123.

[24]Meeker,Joseph W.The Comedy of Survival:Studies in Literary Ecology.New York:Scribner’s Sons,1974,p.130.

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