Ego Needs

Above the social needs—in the sense that they do not become motivators until lower needs are reasonably satisfied—are the needs of greatest significance to management and to man himself.They are the egoistic needs，and they are of two kinds:

1.Those needs that relate to one's self-esteem—needs for selfconfidence，for independence，for achievement，for competence，for knowledge.

2.Those needs that relate to one's reputation—needs for status，for recognition，for appreciation，for the deserved respect of one's fellows.(https://www.daowen.com)

Unlike the lower needs，these are rarely satisfied;man seeks indefinitely for more satisfaction of these needs once they have become important to him，but they do not appear in any significant way until physiological，safety，and social needs are all reasonably satisfied.

The typical industrial organization offers few opportunities for the satisfaction of these egoistic needs to people at lower levels in the hierarchy.The conventional methods of organizing work，particularly in mass-production industries，give little heed to these aspects of human motivation.If the practices of scientific management were deliberately calculated to thwart these needs，they could hardly accomplish this purpose better than they do.