Adult mosquito surveillance
1.1 Monitoring scope
Monitor adult mosquito species composition and density, adult mosquito behaviors (human biting rate, human blood index, biting time, biting location, resting location) and so on. A variety of techniques can be used for monitoring. In addition, the applicability of the method depends on mosquito vector density and population habits. The methods include mosquito trapping lamp method, carbon dioxide mosquito trapping method, human trappingto-stop method, animal trapping method, perching mosquito trapping method, waving net method, net trapping method and black box method. Please select the corresponding monitoring method according to the monitoring purpose.
1.2 Monitoring method
1.2.1 Mosquito trapping lamp method
1.2.1.1 Applicable scope
It is suitable for monitoring adult mosquitoes such as Anopheles and Culex in or near livestock and poultry sheds.
1.2.1.2 Utensils, reagents
Mosquito trapping lamp, ether, etc.
1.2.1.3 Operation steps
Choose the place far away from the interference light source and sheltering from the wind as the lamp hanging point. In addition, the mosquito-trapping light source is 1.5m away from the ground. Turn on the power an hour before sunset and turn on the mosquito trapping lamp to trap mosquitoes until an hour after sunrise the next day (or determine the trapping time according to the monitoring purpose). After sealing the collector, turn off the power supply. Collect, classify and record the number of female mosquitoes. Record the temperature, humidity and wind speed.
1.2.1.4 For density calculation, see Formula 4-1.
In the formula:
D—Mosquito density
Nm—Number of female mosquitoes
N1—Number of mosquito trapping lamps
T—Mosquito trapping hours or mosquito trapping nights
1.2.2 Carbon dioxide mosquito lamp method
1.2.2.1 Applicable scope
It is suitable for monitoring adult mosquitoes such as Anopheles and Culex.
1.2.2.2 Utensils, reagents
Mosquito traps, dry ice or carbon dioxide cylinders, etc.
1.2.2.3 Operation steps
Choose the place far away from the interference light source and sheltering from the wind as the lamp hanging point. In addition, the mosquito-trapping light source is 1.5m hight away from the ground. Turn on the power supply an hour before sunset, hang dry ice close to the light source or put the outlet of the carbon dioxide cylinder close to the light source, the flow rate of carbon dioxide is from 100 to 500 mL/min, turn on the mosquito trapping lamp to trap mosquitoes until an hour after sunrise the next day (or determine the trapping time according to the monitoring purpose). After sealing the collector, turn off the power supply. Collect, classify and record the number of female mosquitoes. Record the temperature, humidity and wind speed.
1.2.2.4 For density calculation, see Formula 4-2.
In the formula:
D—Mosquito density
Nm—Number of female mosquitoes
N1—Number of trapping lawps
T—Mosquito trapping hours or mosquito trapping nights
1.2.3 Human trapping-to-stop method
1.2.3.1 Applicable scope
It is suitable for the monitoring of the adult mosquitoes biting humans.
1.2.3.2 Utensils
Counter, flashlight, electric mosquito attractor, etc.
1.2.3.3 Operation steps
Select the shade as the monitoring point. During the peak period of local mosquito bites, the monitor exposes one side of the shank and stands still, records the number of mosquitoes that have landed on the shank in the 30 min and been killed or caught by electric mosquito attractors, or sets the time of mosquito trapping according to the monitoring purpose. Record the time, place, temperature, humidity and wind speed of the start and end of mosquito trapping.
1.2.3.4 For density calculation, see Formula 4-3.
In the formula:
I—Stopping index
Nm—Number of female mosquitoes
Nh—Number of humans trapping
T—Mosquito trapping times or mosquito trapping time
1.2.4 Animal trapping method
1.2.4.1 Applicable scope
It is suitable for monitoring adult mosquitoes of biting animals.
1.2.4.2 Utensils, animals, reagents
Local cattle, horses, pigs, electric mosquito attractor, ether and so on.
1.2.4.3 Operation steps
Choose the peak period of mosquito activity. In addition, the fixed animals begin to be attracted. Use electric mosquito attractors to capture mosquitoes on animals, each time continues 30 min (or set the time according to the monitoring purpose). Mosquitoes are classified, identified and counted after capture. Record the temperature, humidity and wind speed.
1.2.4.4 For density calculation, see Formula 4-4.
In the formula:
D—Density of mosquitoes trapped by animals
Nm—Number of female mosquitoes.
Nn—Number of animals.
T—Mosquito trapping times or mosquito trapping time.
1.2.5 Perching mosquito trapping method
1.2.5.1 Applicable scope
It is suitable for monitoring the adult mosquitoes living in human houses or animal sheds.
1.2.5.2 Utensils, reagents
Flashlight, electric mosquito attractor, ether and so on.
1.2.5.3 Operation steps
According to the ecological habits of different mosquito species, select mosquito habitat time and place; under the lighting of torch, use the electric mosquito attractor to capture mosquitoes, carrying out 15 min per hour (or set time according to monitoring purpose). The mosquitoes captured are anaesthetized with ether. The number and species of mosquitoes in each place are recorded. In addition, the temperature and humidity are recorded.(https://www.daowen.com)
1.2.5.4 Density calculation
For the calculation of adult mosquito housing index, see Formula 4-5.
In the formula:
I—Housing adult mosquito density index
Nm—Number of female mosquitoes
Nh—The number of houses
T—Mosquito catching time
1.2.6 Waving net method
1.2.6.1 Applicable scope
It is suitable for the monitoring of adult mosquitoes in flight.
1.2.6.2 Utensils, reagents
Trapping net (conical net with blunt round end, made of 60-mesh yarn, 200 mm caliber, 600 mm depth), ether, etc.
1.2.6.3 Operation steps
Select the peak time of mosquito activity, or adopt artificial interference to cause adult mosquito activity. When waving the net, the monitor does it in the shape of “∞” with the handle in hand, at a frequency of 50 times/min for 5 minutes. In addition, wave hard for 3-4 times before closing the net. As a result, the captured mosquitoes will be concentrated at the bottom of the net. Anaesthetize mosquitoes, take out mosquito specimens and classify, identify and count them. Record the temperature, humidity and wind speed.
1.2.6.4 For density calculation, see Formula 4-6.
In the formula:
D—Mosquito density for net catching
Nm—Number of female mosquitoes
Nn—Number of nets
1.2.7 Human trapping in double net method
1.2.7.1 Applicable scope
It is suitable for monitoring the adult mosquitoes of biting humans.
1.2.7.2 Utensils, reagents
Double-layer mosquito net, electric mosquito attractor, electric torch, ether and so on.
1.2.7.3 Operation steps
Select the peak period of mosquito activity, hang the mosquito net, open and fix the upper and lower corners of the net. The lower edge of the outer net is high from the ground, while the inner edge of the net is in contact with the ground. As a result, one person who is the bait should completely lie or sit in the inner net and fully expose his limbs. The monitor holds the electric mosquito attractor and electric torch to capture mosquitoes around the net. In addition, monitor 30 min per hour (or set the time according to the monitoring purpose). Classify, identify and count after capture. Record the temperature, humidity and wind speed.
1.2.7.4 For density calculation, see Formula 4-7.
In the formula:
D—Mosquito density in human net
Nm—Number of female mosquitoes
Nn—Number of mosquito nets
T—Mosquito trapping time
1.2.8 Net animal trapping method
1.2.8.1 Applicable scope
It is suitable for monitoring adult mosquitoes biting animals.
1.2.8.2 Animals, utensils, reagents
Cattle, horses, pigs or other animals (selected according to the bloodthirsty nature of mosquitoes), mosquito traps (length×width×height = 6m×4m×2m, the sizes of the net top and bottom are equal), electric mosquito attractor, flashlight, ether and so on.
1.2.8.3 Operation steps
Select the peak period of mosquito activity, hang the mosquito net, open and fix the upper and lower corners of the net. As a result, the lower edge of the net is 250 mm high from the ground. In addition, the animals as bait are fixed in the bed-net. The monitor holds an electric mosquito attractor and an electric torch to capture mosquitoes in the bed-net. In addition, monitor 30 min per hour (or set the time according to the monitoring purpose). Classify, identify and count after capture. Record the temperature, humidity and wind speed.
1.2.8.4 For density calculation, see Formula 4-8.
In the formula:
D—Density of mosquitoes attracted by animal-net
Nm—Number of female mosquitoes
Nn—Number of mosquito nets
T—Mosquito trapping time
1.2.9 Black box method
1.2.9.1 Applicable scope
It is suitable for monitoring the density of adult vector mosquitoes.
1.2.9.2 Utensils, reagents
Black box (0.6m×0.5m×0.4m wooden box, black inside, one end open), black cloth bagging (0.25m long), electric mosquito attractor, flashlight, ether, etc.
1.2.9.3 Operation steps
Choose the outdoor hiding place of the residents as the black box and place the black box at sunrise. 24 hours later, put ether cotton balls into the black box to kill mosquitoes, or use electric mosquito attractors to attract mosquitoes in the black box. After collection, classify, identify, count. Record the temperature, humidity and wind speed.
1.2.9.4 For density calculation, see Formula 4-9.
In the formula:
D—Mosquito density in black box
Nm—Number of female mosquitoes
Nh—Number of black boxes
Table 4-1 Surveillance Record of Adult Mosquitoes
Monitor: Auditor: Person in charge of monitoring: