Exercises练习
I.True or False
1.An ante-dated B/L is usually used when the shipping date stipulated in the letter of credit is due but the shipper has not got the goods ready for shipment.( )
2.Advanced B/Ls and ante-dated B/Ls may lead to litigation,so they are not common practice in ocean transport.( )
3.Not all transport documents are transferable.( )
4.Bankers generally refuse to accept charter party B/Ls under a letter of credit.( )
5.If a B/L is required according to a letter of credit,the master B/L should be presented.( )
6.Bearer B/Ls are rarely used because it involves great risk.( )
7.Usually,bankers only pay for clean B/Ls under a letter of credit.( )
8.An order B/L delivers the cargo straight to the importer.( )
9.Short form B/Ls are seldom accepted by bankers under a letter of credit.( )
10.If the importer is to take delivery of the goods with a sea waybill,the original of the document must be presented to the carrier.( )
II.Multiple Choice Questions
1.The title of a B/L refers to the( ).
[A]shipper
[B]consignee
[C]notify party
[D]port of loading
2.In practice,a B/L is mostly( ).
[A]issued as a straight B/L
[B]issued as a bearer B/L
[C]made out to order
[D]issued with the title left blank
3.Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT about an ocean B/L ?( )
[A]It is a receipt of goods.
[B]It evidences the contract of carriage.
[C]It is a document of title.
[D]It is an unconditional payment order.
4.In accordance with UCP 600,the issuing date of an ocean B/L shall be( ).
[A]the date on which loading begins
[B]the date on which loading is complete
[C]any date on which the cargo is loaded onto the vessel
[D]the date of loading in the contract of carriage
5.Of the following transport documents,( )can simultaneously serve as a receipt of goods,a contract of carriage and a document of title.
[A]a railway consignment note
[B]an air waybill
[C]an ocean B/L
[D]a sea waybill
6.Which one of the following statements about a multi-modal B/L is TRUE？( )
[A]A multi-modal B/L is always non-negotiable.
[B]A multi-modal B/L can be issued as a negotiable document.
[C]A multi-modal B/L can always be transferred.
[D]A multi-modal B/L can never be transferred.
7.If an ocean B/L under a letter of credit bears “TO ORDER”in the consignee box,( )is entitled to endorse the B/L the first time.
[A]the shipper
[B]the issuing bank
[C]the importer
[D]the negotiating bank
8.According to Incoterms 2020,under FCA and by ocean transport,( ).*
[A]the exporter cannot get an “on-board”B/L,because when the cargo is placed at the disposal of the carrier,it mostly hasn’t been loaded “on board”
[B]the exporter’s violation of the contract and the letter of credit is inevitable if both require an “ on-board”B/L
[C]the importer can authorize his/her freight forwarder to issue an“on-board”B/L when the cargo is placed at the disposal of the forwarder
[D]the exporter,if allowed by the importer,can expect to be issued an “on-board”B/L when the cargo is placed at the disposal of the forwarder
9.Which one of the following transport documents requires the importer to present the original document for taking delivery?( )
[A]A straight B/L.
[B]A sea waybill.
[C]An air waybill
[D]An order B/L.
10.The shipper’s endorsement is required when the consignee box of the ocean B/L is shown as( ).
[A]TO ORDER
[B]ABC COMPANY
[C]TO ORDER OF ISSUING BANK
[D]TO ORDER OF APPLICANT
III.Case Study
1.An exporter Qingdao Herui Organic Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd.entered into a deal of selling scallion to a Hong Kong trading company F.O.H Food Trading(H.K.)Co.,Ltd.under Incoterm FOB Ningbo,but the Hong Kong trader resold the goods in no time to a Korean company Kinsta Food Trading,Co.,Ltd.under Incoterm CFR Pusan.The letter of credit opened by F.O.H required the goods be loaded at Port of Ningbo under FOB and discharged at Port of Pusan and the B/L indicate “Freight Prepaid”.Why did the Hong Kong trader order such a requirement?What should the exporter do?
2.Squirrelsmile Nuts Co.,Ltd.,a Chinese exporter from the inland city of Zunhua,Hebei Province,entered a deal of exporting a batch of chestnuts to Italy via ocean transport from Port of Tianjin to Port of Naples under Incoterms 2010 rule FCA Zunhua,and payment by L/C.[2]The documents required for presentation included an “on board”B/L.However,when the exporter delivered the goods to his carrier at the local place,he could not get the “on board”B/L,as the merchandise hadn’t been loaded truly on board.What do you think the company can do to cope with this issue?
【注释】
[1]The word “lading”means “loading”，both words being derived from the Old English word hladan.“Lading”specifically refers to the loading of cargo aboard a ship（despite the etymology，“bills of loading”is not a synonym for “bills of lading”）.
[2]https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1677896676032968280&wfr=spider&for=pc