Section C Reading in Depth
Read the following passages carefully and then choose the best answer for each question below．
PASSAGE 1
NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft made an astonishing discovery about the asteroid it has been orbiting since December：the rock is actively spewing material out into space．The asteroid，named Bennu，has ejected materials up to 11 times since the spacecraft has been there．But no one is sure what exactly is causing these bursts．
The revelation is just one of many surprises that scientists have learned about Bennu，ever since OSISIR-REx reached the asteroid late last year．Launched in 2016，OSIRIS-REx is tasked with eventually grabbing a sample from Bennu and then returning it back to Earth，to help scientists better study asteroids—remnants of the early Solar System．But before that happens，the OSIRIS-REx mission team is trying to learn as much as it can about the asteroid by using the spacecraft’s instruments．
That’s led to a few unexpected discoveries，some of which were detailed today in the journal Nature．Not only is Bennu shooting particles out into the void，but the asteroid is also much more rugged than scientists originally thought—which may make it a little bit harder for the spacecraft to grab a sample．Thanks to all that OSIRIS-REx has learned，the mission team now knows they will have to work extra hard to characterize and map the surface of Bennu before they start sampling．
However，the team is confident that they will maintain their current timeline，which calls for taking a sample in July of 2020．“We’re going to try to meet that schedule，”Dante Lauretta，the principal investigator for the OSIRIS-REx mission，tells The Verge．“We don’t see any reason why we couldn’t．”
Before OSIRIS-REx arrived at Bennu，the mission team tried to figure out as much as possible about what kind of rock they were about to visit．Scientists gathered data on the asteroid using telescopes both on the Earth and in space．Based on how Bennu’s temperature changes and how light reflected off the rock，the OSIRIS-REx team interpreted that there were a lot of smooth areas of fine grains on the surface of the asteroid—like large patches of sand—and very few boulders（大圆石）．
That made the asteroid an ideal place to visit．Sandy regions are perfect for grabbing a small collection of particles，especially with the sampler attached to the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft．The probe has a robotic arm that will extend out toward Bennu and gently tap its surface for just five seconds．During that short period，the sampler will fire nitrogen gas，stirring up the particles on the asteroid and causing them to shoot up inside the spacecraft．
1．What is the passage mainly about？
A．The OSIRIS-REx spacecraftmade a few discoveries about the asteroid Bennu．
B．The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft reached the asteroidBennu in 2016．
C．The asteroid Bennu is spewingmaterialout into space．
D．The asteroid Bennu is an ideal place for human beings to visit．
2．What can we learn about OSIRIS-REx in this passage？
A．OSIRIS-REx will move around Bennu for some time after getting the required sample．
B．OSIRIS-REx is a spacecraft launched by NASA in December 2016．
C．The mission of OSIRIS-REx is to bring a sample back to Earth from Bennu．
D．OSIRIS-REx only carries a telescope and a sampler because of space constraints．
3．What can we learn about the asteroid Bennuin this passage？
A．It regularly sends materials out into space 11 times a month．
B．Its situation is basically in line with the expectations of scientists．
C．It is a surviving trace of the early Solar System．
D．Its surface is uneven and mainly covered with rocks．
4．The OSIRIS-REx mission team________．
A．did a series of studies on the asteroid Bennu before sampling
B．explains in detail why the task of sampling can be finished on time in the journal Nature
C．has figured out the reasons why the asteroid Bennu expels materials out into space
D．finds it is easy to sample on the asteroid Bennu after they land on it
5．The sampler used by the mission team________．
A．can eject nitrogen to push the particles on Bennu into OSIRIS-REx
B．can complete sampling in five seconds
C．can move freely on Bennu because it is not fastened to OSIRIS-REx
D．can quickly grab a large number of samples in sandy regions
PASSAGE 2
［A］To help us celebrate Día de los Muertos respectfully，the experts at the language learning app Babbel offer a guide to understanding key aspects of the sacred holiday．
［B］Many associate Día de los Muertos with sugar skulls，graveyard celebrations，and parades，but there is so much more to this sacred，two-day festival than just parties and decorations．
［C］In fact，it’s so important that in 2008，UNESCO recognised Día de los Muertos as a holiday of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity，to safeguard its cultural diversity and creative expression around the world．
［D］Día de los Muertos is translated from Spanish to English to mean“Day of the Dead”．It’s a two-day holiday that is celebrated in Spanish-speaking countries，such as Mexico and Spain，on the 1st and 2nd of November．
［E］The holiday is believed to reunite the living and the dead，as the souls of the deceased return for Día de los Muertos to celebrate with their families．Typically，November 1st is for celebrating children who died，and November 2nd is when adults are commemorated．
［F］Its ancient roots date back to the Aztecs and different Mesoamerican civilizations around 3，000 years ago，with participants in Mexico and Central America holding a month-long ritual each summer to commemorate their deceased loved ones．They were thought to have held human skulls in their hands in celebration．
［G］When the Spanish conquistadors（征服者）arrived，they brought Catholicism and the Catholic holidays All Saints’Day and All Souls’Day（on November 1st and 2nd，respectively）．The resulting cultural composite led to the modern-day Día de Los Muertos and its early November date．
［H］Despite the misconceptions，the purpose of Día de los Muertos is to remember and celebrate the lives of the deceased，rather than to mourn their deaths—in other words，Día de los Muertos is a celebration of life！Ancient indigenous groups like the Aztecs believed death brought new life and that it was an important part of life’s cyclical journey．
［I］Present-day celebrations include music，dancing and other expressions of liveliness，with laughter also playing a key role in the celebrations．During Día de los Muertos，participants focus on the positive—relatives and friends will often tell satirical poems，with the knowledge that their deceased loved ones are laughing along with them．Ultimately，Día de los Muertos reminds us that remembering the dead doesn’t have to be sad．
［J］It might seem unusual at first，but celebrations of Día de los Muertos are centered around graveyards so that families can recognize the deceased by gathering near the graves of their loved ones and decorating their resting place．Families often play music and enjoy the deceased's favorite food and drinks right there in the cemetery，so they are as close as possible to those who passed away．
［K］One of the most elaborate aspects of Día de los Muertos are the beautifully decorated altars，called ofrendas（“offerings”），which are created by families and friends of the deceased．Typically，these include photos of the dead，trinkets that belonged to them and even their favorite，traditional foods and drinks．Every altar also has objects representing the four elements：earth（flowers or food），wind（traditional paper banners），fire（candles）and water．Another common，iconic item often used to decorate the altars is sugar skulls．
［L］One of the symbols that is most important，and often taken out of context，is the skull．You likely see the skull or skeleton with a large，fancy hat and an upscale dress，or variations of her，everywhere．
［M］Her name is La Calavera Catrina（or just La Catrina，for short），and she’s based on artist Jose Guadalupe Posada’s etching in 1910．She’s far more than just a friendlylooking skeleton．La Catrina was created as a satire of upper-class Mexicans who chose to emulate European culture and the French influence in upper class societies rather than their own．
［N］Understand that this is a cultural holiday and that it’s important not to appropriate this holiday or culture as you would any other．Dressing as La Catrina or painting your face to mimic a sugar skull is not respectful or culturally conscientious．
［O］Ensure that you understand how and why Día de Los Muertos is celebrated before marking the occasion with friends or family and be mindful of those around you．
Task 1：
Reading Passage 2 has 15 paragraphs，A-O．Choose the correct heading for paragraphs D-O from the list of the headings below．Match the headings i-vi in the box and the paragraphs 1-6．
List of Headings
i．The location of celebration of Día de los Muertos．
ii．A brief introduction of Día de los Muertos．
iii．Some advice on the celebration．
iv．The origin and development of Día de los Muertos．
v．The activities to celebrate Día de los Muertos．
vi．The explanation of an important symbol．
1．Paragraph D-E：________
2．Paragraph F-G：________
3．Paragraph H-I：________
4．Paragraph J-K：________
5．Paragraph L-M：________
6．Paragraph N-O：________
Task 2：
Complete the summary below．Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer．Write your answers in boxes 7-12．
Día de los Muertos
Día de los Muertos，which means“Day of the Dead”，is recognized by UNESCO as a holiday of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity．It originated in the Aztecs and different Mesoamerican civilisations around 3，000 years ago and develops into the modern-day Día de Los Muertos with the cultural 7．________brought by the Spanish conquistadors．This two-day holiday is to remember and 8．________the lives of the deceased as people believe death is an important part of life’s cyclical journey and the souls of the deceased will 9．________during these days to celebrate with their families．The celebrations take place around 10．________of their loved ones．Families and friends of the deceased gather here，create a beautifully decorated 11．________，play music，dance，enjoy the deceased’s favorite food and drinks and tell satirical poems．12．________plays a key role in the celebrations．Ultimately，Día de los Muertos reminds us that remembering the dead doesn’t have to be sad．
PASSAGE 3
Europe is home to some extraordinary wealth creators who often try to hide their success．Ingvar Kamprad，a Swedish farmer’s son，constructed IKEA，a seller of flat-pack furniture that became a global giant with annual revenues of
38bn（＄47bn）．He died at the age of 91 on January 27th，after a famously frugal（节俭的）life．Amancio Ortega，the Spanish son of a railway worker，founded Inditex，a fast fashion giant，and shuns any media attention．Then there is the reclusive Reimann family of Germany，members of which reportedly take a vow at the age of 18 not to talk publicly about their business，JAB Holding，a Luxembourg-based investment group．
Yet JAB’s habit of gulping down big，famous firms at a frenetic pace is making it hard for it to stay in the shadows．On January 29th it said it will pay＄18．7bn in cash（plus some shares）to buy Dr Pepper Snapple，the world’s fifth-biggest maker of soft drinks，which has roots dating back to 1885．It will be combined with Keurig Green Mountain，an American coffee producer that JAB bought in 2016 for＄14bn．
JAB’s focus on consumer-goods firms in America，especially coffee producers，could suggest it hopes to rival giants such as Nestle and Starbucks．In the past couple of years it also paid＄1．35bn for Krispy Kreme，a maker of doughnuts and coffee，and＄7．5bn for Panera Bread，a bakery chain with over 2，000 outlets．That deal was touted as one of the biggest in the global restaurant industry．An earlier plan to emulate Europe’s luxury groups，such as France’s LVMH，in building collections of brands has been dropped．Last year JAB offloaded Jimmy Choo，a maker of shoes，for＄1．2bn．It hopes also to sell Bally，another luxury firm．
The change of focus looks astute．Consumers，readier to pay more for experiences rather than just products，show an ever-growing fondness for pricey shots of strong coffee，especially those squirted（喷射）via plastic pods．A survey last year found that 41% of American adults drink“speciality”coffee（industry jargon for pricier stuff）daily，up from just 9% in 1999．Many of these are quaffed at home．Next，firms want to encourage consumers to down cold drinks—perhaps Dr Pepper Snapple for starters—using similar pod systems．But being sure of what JAB plans for the future is tricky．It is managed by professionals，but decisions on what to buy are taken by the Reimann family．JAB claims to emphasize the long term．Given its secretive owners and previous turns of strategy，however，it is hard to know whether to take that notion seriously．
1．According to Paragraph 1，which of the following is NOT true of European extraordinary wealth creators？
A．Ingvar Kamprad，the founder of IKEA，comes from a peasant family．
B．The founder of IKEA does not like to spend much money on himself．
C．Amancio Ortega，who founds Inditex，tries to avoid being noticed by the media．
D．The family that founds JAB love to be in the limelight very much．
2．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in Paragraph 2？
A．JAB cannot go unnoticed for its rapid annexation of other companies．
B．JAB often wins out in competition with other companies．
C．JAB is famous for always beating its competitors quickly．
D．It is hard for JAB to refuge from observation．
3．According to Paragraph 2，Dr Pepper Snapple________．
A．will purchase Keurig Green Mountain．
B．is the leader in the beverage industry．
C．is with a history of more than 100 years．
D．will be bought by JAB with＄18．7bn in cash．
4．All of the following support the author’s viewpoint that JAB hopes to rival giants such asNestle and Starbucks EXCEPT________．
A．JAB sold Jimmy Choo
B．JAB sold Bally
C．JAB bought Panera Bread
D．JAB bought Krispy Kreme
5．What is the main purpose of Paragraph 4？
A．To assess the future plan of JAB as uncertainty because of some reasons．
B．To praise JAB for being good at making decisions when doing business．
C．To explain the reasons why JAB change its focus to consumer-goods．
D．To give more examples to support that JAB hopes to rival Nestle and Starbucks．