Section B Reading and Matching
Read the following passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived．You may choose a paragraph more than once．
TED Has Revolutionised the Ideas Industry
［A］The first TED conference in 1984 was such a damp squib（失败）that the organizers did not hold a second one for six years．Today TED（which stands for Technology，Entertainment，Design）is the giant of the ideas industry．The heart of the enterprise is TED’s twice yearly conference at which big ideas are presented in short，concise and informative talks．On March 17th—21st around 1，200 TEDsters will gather in Vancouver to listen to the likes of Bill Gates and Nicholas Negroponte celebrating TED’s 30th birthday and thinking great thoughts．The conference has also sparked an array of businesses，although they are mainly not-for-profit ones．
［B］The organization has built an electronic warehouse of more than 1，700 previous talks，at TED．com．These are free to view and，so far，they have been watched nearly 2 billion times．It has generated a mass movement：volunteers have put on more than 9，000 TED-like events called TEDx in 150 or so countries since 2009．It has established a TED prize（worth＄1 million．），a TED fellowship programme and a line of TED ebooks．And it has become a central part of the world’s star-making machinery：an invitation to speak at TED can turn an obscure academic into a superstar expert and a struggling journalist into a celebrated writer．
［C］Such success has inevitably produced criticism．Critics dismiss TED as the Starbucks of intellectual life（though YO！Sushi may be a better comparison）．Evgeny Morozov，a technology expert，says it has become“something ridiculous，and a little sinister（灾难性的）”．Benjamin Bratton，a sociologist，goes further and suggests that TED is a recipe for“civilization disaster”．He considers TED as infotainment（娱乐信息节目），saying that although it may prove to be informative and enjoyable，it does not require much thought．The Onion，a satirical website，has produced a series of“Onion talks”to ridicule TED talks．
［D］There is certainly some truth in these criticisms：any organization celebrating its 30th birthday party is in danger of jumping the shark．But criticism must be tempered by admiration for what TED has achieved．It does indeed have a weakness for celebrities．But it has also discovered hundreds of ordinary persons with surprising hidden talent：the most viewed TED video，with 25 million downloads，features Ken Robinson，a once obscure British educationalist．It is true that TED shrinks big ideas into bite-like chunks．But it has also demonstrated that there is a huge market for big ideas．
［E］TED is the perfect example of the power of disruptive innovation，which means newcomers usually gain the competitive edge with innovative business model and in return disrupt the existing market．The ideas business was already overcrowded when TED began to flex its muscles．The BBC rejected an early TED talk on the ground that it was too intellectual．But TED has rewritten the rules．Businesses now hire it to run their in-house conferences．Publishers compete to sign up its speakers．TED has done more to advance the art of lecturing in a decade than Oxford University has done in a thousand years．
［F］The man at the heart of this disruption is Chris Anderson，a journalist turned entrepreneur who calls himself TED’s guardian．Mr．Anderson made his money publishing computer and business magazines．He bought TED in 2001 and set about turning a cult conference into a multimedia phenomenon，by bringing together the two worlds that he knew best：the journalistic one of storytelling and the high-tech world of disruptive change．And he provided TED with both a powerful business model and a pipeline of polished output．
［G］TED uses a shrewd combination of paid-for and free products，the purpose of the latter being to generate buzz．Tickets to its five-day conferences cost at least＄6，000．It sells an ever-growing array of TED-branded products．But it has also been generous with its intellectual capital—not only giving away videos on the internet but also granting licences to enthusiasts to stage TED’s events．
［H］To ensure quality it sends all speakers a stone tablet engraved with the“TED Commandments（戒条）”，starting with：“Thou shalt not simply trot out thy usual schtick”．（It means prohibition of repeating old ideas in TED talks．）Talks must last for just 18 minutes—“Long enough to be serious and short enough to hold people’s attention”，as Mr．Anderson puts it．Potential speakers are carefully selected and extensively trained—and subtly reminded that only successful talks will be put online．
［I］TED is constantly striving to improve its products and expand its pipeline．It has invested heavily in camera crews and stagecraft．It has experimented with shorter formats such as“TED in three minutes”．It has even introduced an“American Idol”element：about half of the speakers at each conference are chosen by competitive auditions（海选）that take place all over the world and are theoretically open to anyone．
［J］TED has become the leading ideas festival of the digital world．It draws much of its audience as well as many of its star speakers from societies that are controlled by scientists，engineers，and other experts．It champions tech solutions to problems：its talks tend to give the impression that there is no ill in the world that cannot be solved with a laptop and an internet connection．
［K］But there is also something old fashioned about it．TED meetings have a revivalist（宗教复兴的）feel，from the preacher’s promises of salvation to the congregation（集会）．It is revealing that Mr．Anderson is the son of missionaries，and，in rather Victorian fashion，grew up in India before going to Oxford．TEDsters can also sound like modern versions of Dale Carnegie，the author of“The Art of Public Speaking”（1915）and“How to Win Friends and Influence People”（1936）．A striking number of TED talks preach that you can have it all，a great career and a fulfilled life，if only you work hard and follow your passion．The ultimate secret of TED’s success is not its commitment to disruptive innovation but its ability to repackage old-time religion for the digital age．
________1．TED’s great success has unavoidably invited some criticism from all walks of life．
________2．TED profits from paid-for products and at the same time it offers free products to boost its influence．
________3．An invitation to speak at TED conference makes ordinary people shoot to fame．
________4．Theoretically speaking，anyone can have an opportunity to speak at the TED conference．
________5．Like a modern day missionary，TED speeches preach that hard work ensures a great career and a satisfying life．
________6．As a newcomer，TED succeeds in an overcrowded ideas industry by introducing creative business model．
________7．With a powerful business model and continuous supply of high quality products，Mr．Anderson created TED miracle．
________8．There is no denying that TED has achieved great success in promoting big ideas and discovering great unknown scholars．
________9．TED ensures speeches’quality by measures like setting up strict rules and careful controlling of length of talk．
________10．TED speeches tend to convey the idea that any problem can be solved by technology．