第六节 结论

更新于 2026年10月13日 版权声明
第六节 结论

本章旨在通过实证研究揭示上海境外人口的空间集聚特征与形成机制。研究发现,境外人口在上海的居住空间表现出高度集聚特征,并且已形成若干具有统计显著性的空间聚类。全市范围-街道尺度上,40.3%的境外人口居住在聚居区;浦东新区范围-村居尺度上,55.1%的境外人口居住在聚居区。境外人口与境内人口的空间分异水平也较高。就影响因素而言,尽管境外人口居住空间分布受到社会网络、就业机会、住房市场的影响,政府主导开发的国际社区是其空间集聚的决定性因素。可见,上海境外人口集聚社区已成为这座国际化大都市特色鲜明的跨国社会空间。与欧美城市以及国内其他城市(如广州市)自发形成的国际移民聚居区所不同,上海以国际社区为代表的境外人口聚居区,事实上是地方政府(及其国有开发公司)实施“全球化”战略(规划建设“全球城市”)的结果。

鼓励人口国际化以及建设“全球城市”,是新时代我国大城市实现高质量发展的重要路径之一。在实施“一带一路”国家战略的背景下,中国大城市的国际化势所必然。建设国际社区、提供国际化水平的服务和设施是吸引国际人才的有效策略。同时,也要关注此类跨国空间对地方产生的经济社会影响。当前,我国国际社区的规划建设以“门禁社区”为主,社会空间隔离明显,经济、文化溢出效应有限。从国际经验来看,跨国精英阶层及其社区的兴起往往加剧全球城市的社会极化问题(Sassen,2010)。因此,在“大融合、小集聚”的空间格局下,要加强研究新建国际化社区的规划设计规范、审批流程和审批标准,承认差异性、倡导兼容性、推广普适性,防止各地一哄而上地建设国际社区,避免可能的空置风险。同时,运用社区规划和社会规划手段,促进社会融合,推动城市公平,“近者悦,远者来”。

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【注释】

[1]资料来源:国家移民管理局2019年1月发布官方信息,2018年全国边检机关检查出入境人员首次突破6亿。其中,中国公民出入境5.6亿人次,外国人人出境达9532.8万人次。

[2]《人民日报》海外版2001年12月13日第五版刊文,转引时任上海市委书记黄菊的话,“新上海人,他们是一种能够闯荡世界的人,是世界人,中华人。上海就要有容纳世界最优秀人才的海量……上海本来就是一个移民城市,现在要在人才的柔性流动中成为新的移民城市”。

[3]《上海实施人才强市战略行动纲要》,2004;《上海市中长期人才发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)》,2010。

[4]《关于深化人才工作体制机制改革促进人才创新创业的实施意见》,2015;《关于进一步深化人才发展体制机制改革加快推进具有全球影响力的科技创新中心建设的实施意见》,2016。

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