华北蝮Gloydius stejnegeri
形态特征：体型较大，成体全长600～800mm。头略呈三角形，颈细。瞳孔直立椭圆形。具管牙；有颊窝。体色多棕褐色，体两侧各有一列大块圆形斑。斑块宽占3～4枚背鳞，边缘色深而中央色浅，接近体底色，斑块前后边缘镶嵌有黑色细纹，两列斑交错排布（也有部分斑块在体中后段左右对称排布），多在体中线处相遇；从侧面观察，呈现规则的方块状斑（河北和北京分布者）或圆形斑（陕西和山西分布者）；每列斑块前后间隔1～1.5枚背鳞宽。头枕部有一块“Y”形斑，前端分叉，分叉处末端膨大，多数不相遇。眼后有较宽黑褐色条状眉纹，该眉纹上缘无白色条纹，下缘镶有白色条纹（陕西和山西分布者），或上下缘均有白色细条纹（北京和河北分布者）。头背面观为略窄长的等腰三角形，鼻间鳞宽大于长，在鼻孔处分为前后两半；眶前鳞2，眶后鳞2，无眶下鳞；颞鳞2列，2+4；上唇鳞8，第四枚最大，第二枚不入颊窝，第三枚入眶；下唇鳞11，第一对在颏鳞后相遇，前4枚与颌片相接；颌片2枚，左右并列，中间形成颌沟；背鳞多为23-23-17行，除体侧与腹鳞相邻一行外，均起棱。腹鳞144～16枚，尾下鳞38～50对，肛鳞完整。
生活习性：生活于平原、丘陵、山区，栖息于山谷、溪流、草丛、灌丛、农田、村舍附近，食性较广，以鼠类、蜥蜴为食。卵胎生，8月产仔，每产2～9条。
地理分布：国内主要沿太行山脉在华北地区海拔较高的山区及黄土高原有分布。国外分布于蒙古国。
环渤海地区分布：北京、河北。
生存现状：近危（NT）。
40.Gloydius stejnegeri
Description Adults up to 600-800mm in TOL, body size is relatively large.Head is slightly in triangle-shaped; neck thin; pupils erect and in oval-shape; tubular teeth; bilateral pits.Body color is sepia; a line of big round spots on body sides; the spot is equal to about 3-4 dorsal scales,and edges dark, the center light, similiar to the body color; spots edges with black thin stripes; two lines of spots interlacing (some spots in symmetrical arrangement on both sides on the post median part of the body), connecting in the midline, in a regularly cube-shape spot viewed from the side(found in Hebei and Beijing) or round spot (found in Shaanxi and Shanxi); dorsal scales of 1-1.5mm width between the interval of each column; one spot of “Y”shape on the occipital, and the front is fork shaped, the end of the bifurcation enlarged, most unconnected; broad black brown stripeshape supercilium, without white stripes on the upper edge at the back of eyes; the lower edge with white striola (found in Shaanxi and Shanxi ), or both upper and lower edges with white striola (found in Hebei and Beijing); the head dorsum viewed as a narrow long isosceles triangle; the width of nasal scales is longer than the length, nostrils splitting into two parts as the front and dorsal scales;2 anterior orbital scales; 2 posterior orbital scales, without suborbitalis scales; temporal scales are arranged in 2+4; 8 supralabials, the fourth one is the biggest, the second one in the bilateral pits,the third one is in the orbits; 11 infralabials, the first pair connects together after the chin scales,the first four connected with jaw pieces; 2 jaw pieces are paralleled on the left and right side, jaw groove formed in the middle; dorsal scales are arranged in 23-23-17 rows, except for one row connecting body sides and ventral scales, and the others are ribbed; 144-162 ventral scales; 38-50 pairs of subcaudals; anal plate is complete.
Behaviour Gloydius stejnegeri live in plains, hills and mountains, valleys, streams,grasses, thickets, fields and villages, and they have a wide range of food, feeding on mice and lizards.They are ovoviviparous and 2-9 eggs are delivered each time in August.
Distribution In mountainous areas with high altitude and loess plateau along the Taihang Mountain in the north of China; in Mongolia at abroad.Distribution around Bohai Sea: in Beijing and Hebei Province.
Conservation Near Threatened (NT).
