庙岛蝮Gloydius changdaoensis
形态特征：体型较粗大，成体全长450～800mm。头三角形，颈细，尾较短。瞳孔直立，眼径明显大于同属其他种类，以幼体为甚。具管牙；有颊窝。眼后有深色带状斑宽约占第二行颞鳞的3/5。体背棕褐色或黄褐色，背部自颈有较规则的深色“X”斑至尾端，腹面浅米褐色，自颈至尾有棕褐色密点逐渐增多。上唇鳞8枚，呈2-1-5式，下唇鳞11枚。背鳞起棱，多23-23-17行。腹鳞148～158枚，尾下鳞35～47对，肛鳞完整。
生活习性：生活山区、丘陵、海岛、喜树栖。4月上旬至10月中旬为活动期，生活在岛屿上的有“夏眠”习性。以食鸟类为主，也食鼠类。卵胎生，9月中旬至10月下旬产仔，每产4～6条。幼蛇体全长142～192mm，体重2.3～4.0g。幼蛇夜间活动，捕食蜈蚣。
地理分布：中国特有种，主要分布于山东，国内还见于江苏（连云港）。
环渤海地区分布：见于山东（长岛群岛和胶东半岛，包括烟台、威海、青岛等）。
生存现状：易危（VU）。
42.Gloydius changdaoensis
Description Adults up to 450-800mm in TOL, body is large and strong.Head is triangle-shaped; thin neck; short tail; pupils are erected; eye diameter is greatly wider than other species, especially juveniles; tubular teeth; bilateral pits; dark banded spots behind eyes are about 3/5 of the second row of temporal scales; body dorsum is brown or yellowish brown, a dark spot regularly in “X”shape, from the neck to the tail end; the ventral surface light brown, more dense brownish spots from the neck to the tail; 8 supralabials are arranged in 2-1-5 rows and 11 infralabials; dorsal scales are ribbed and are mostly arranged in 23-23-17 rows; 148-158 ventral scales; 35-47 pairs of subcaudals; anal plate is complete.
Behaviour Gloydius changdaoensis live in mountains, hills, islands, and prefer to inhabit on trees.They are active from the beginning of April to the middle of October, and they have the habit of “aestivation” living on the islands.They mainly feed on birds and rats.They are oviparous and born larva in mid-September to late October, laying 4-6 eggs at a time.The juveniles up to 142-192mm TL; 2.3-4.0g in weight.The juveniles are active at night and haunt centipedes for foods.
Distribution Native to China: widely known in Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province.Distribution around Bohai Sea: in Shandong Province.
Conservation Vulnerable (VU).
