二、普洱茶的特性

普洱茶的品质特征可通过色、香、味、形等多个角度表达呈现，但茶汤的滋味是最主要的品质因子。茶汤厚重、甜醇、清爽、顺活、洁亮等是普洱茶（生茶）品质优良的表现，茶汤厚重、甜醇、滑、润、绵、稠、香、郁等是普洱茶（熟茶）品质优良的表现。反之，如果茶汤给人以麻、叮、刺、刮、挂、酸、涩、燥、干、杂、怪、异、霉、辛、飘（浮）等感受，则是普洱茶品质不佳的表现。

（一）普洱茶（生茶）的品质特征

普洱茶（生茶）均为紧压茶。普洱茶市场上，常常有人误将云南大叶种晒青毛茶当作普洱茶（生茶）散茶，这是错误的。普洱茶（生茶）的主要品质特征：外形匀称端正、松紧适度，色泽墨绿；汤色黄绿明亮；香气清香馥郁持久；滋味浓强回甘；叶底肥厚黄绿。品质特征受到原料产地、原料等级、存放环境及时间等因素影响，随着存放时间的推移，汤色会由绿色逐渐变为橙黄或橙红色，清香逐渐减弱，略带花香或甜香，陈香凸显，滋味变得醇和，叶底棕褐软亮。

(II)According to Processing Technology and Quality Characteristics

According to the current national standard of the People’s Republic of China GB/T 22111-2008 Pu’er Tea as Geological Indication Product, Pu’er tea can be divided into two types: raw tea and fermented tea.According to the appearance, it can be divided into loose (fermented)Pu’er tea and compressed (raw and fermented)Pu’er tea.Compressed Pu’er tea has many shapes and specifications, such as round cake, bowl, mortar, square and column.

The raw material of raw Pu’er tea is Yunnan big-leaf variety deactivated by sunning within the geographical indication protection range.It is deactivated by sunning, autoclaved, dried and packaged within the geographical indication protection range.

The raw material of fermented Pu’er tea is Yunnan big-leaf variety deactivated by sunning within the geographical indication protection range.After the moderate watering within the geographical indication protection range, it is fermented by the comprehensive effects of microorganisms, enzymes, damp heat and oxidation, etc., to form the unique quality characteristics of fermented Pu’er tea: red-brown appearance, red and bright soup color, unique aged fragrance,mellow and sweet taste, and red-brown leaf.