4.8 小 结

更新于 2026年10月10日 版权声明
4.8 小 结

本章以沘江流域土壤为研究对象,划分为矿区和非矿区进行表土样品采集,通过空间描述、相关性分析及定量计算等方法解析沘江流域土壤中Pb和Zn含量空间分布特征,并指出主要影响因子,定量评估兰坪金顶铅锌矿山开采对沘江流域土壤中Pb和Zn含量的定量影响,并得出以下结论:

(1)矿区土壤中Pb和Zn含量均显著高于非矿区,且呈显著的土地利用差异。和农用地土壤重金属污染风险筛选值国家标准相比,矿区和非矿区土壤的Pb和Zn超标率均表现为耕地>林地>草地,矿区超标率远高于非矿区;矿区土壤中Pb和Zn含量远远超过沘江流域表层土壤Pb和Zn环境背景值。和建设用地土壤污染风险管制值相比,采矿用地土壤Pb含量超标率达54.54%。

(2)流域土壤中Pb和Zn含量在空间上分布不均匀,呈高度异质性。随着离矿区距离的增加,Pb和Zn含量呈逐渐降低趋势。矿区周边耕地Pb和Zn含量高一方面受矿山开发的影响,另一方面是矿区土壤高背景值。

(3)不同土地利用类型的土壤中Pb和Zn含量的差异性表明:矿区土壤,Pb在采矿用地与林地、采矿用地和耕地之间有显著差异性;Zn在采矿用地和其他3种土地利用类型之间均存在显著差异性。非矿区土壤,Pb在耕地和林地之间有显著差异性;Zn在耕地和林地、耕地和草地之间存在显著差异性。

(4)矿区土壤中Pb和Zn累积通量显著高于非矿区。不同功能区土壤Pb和Zn的含量及累积通量均表现为:废矿堆区>矿渣区>尾矿库区。

(5)沘江流域土壤中Pb和Zn含量与土壤理化性质、矿区土壤高背景值、土地利用方式均有一定关系。重金属Pb、Zn和pH值呈极显著正相关关系,但与有机质、土壤容重和含水量均无显著关系。

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