理论教育 考研英语轻巧过关:主语从句类型及形式主语使用

考研英语轻巧过关:主语从句类型及形式主语使用

时间:2023-10-04 理论教育 版权反馈
【摘要】:主语从句是指作主语的从句,有如下三种类型。复习主语从句时重点注意形式主语的使用。主语从句无论出现在哪里, that都不能省略。It is fortunate that such change have really existed in the Photo tigers.解析句首it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,中间是形容词fortunate。

考研英语轻巧过关:主语从句类型及形式主语使用

主语从句是指作主语的从句,有如下三种类型。

1.由that引导的主语从句

that引导的主语从句是最常见的主语从句,但把that从句放在句首是很少见的,只有为了强调或谓语较长时, that从句才放在句首。一般而言, that从句都借助形式主语it而放在句子后半部分。复习主语从句时重点注意形式主语的使用。主语从句无论出现在哪里, that都不能省略。由that引导的主语从句主要有以下几类:

(1)It be+名词+that从句。

It is a pity that……可惜的是……

It is a fact that……事实是……

It is good news that……真是太好了……

It is no wonder that……难怪……

It is common knowledge that……是常识……

【真题回放】If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly hungry and dropping weight, this is a_____that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.

[A]principle

[B]secret

[C]belief

[D]sign

解析 that引导的主语从句,解释说明sign。空格所在的句子表达的意思是:上面的现象是一种迹象,空后“我需要增加日常的卡路里的摄入”和上文讲到的营养摄入相呼应。其他选项:principle(原则);secret(秘密);belief(信仰)都不符合题意。

译文 如果我的训练强度保持不变,但我总是感到饥饿,体重不断下降,这就是我需要增加每日热量摄入的信号。

(2)It be+形容词+that从句。

It is possible that……很可能……

It is certain that……可以相信……

It is necessary that……有必要……

It is likely that……很可能……

It is fortunate that……幸运的是……

【例1】It is fortunate that such change have really existed in the Photo tigers.

解析 句首it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,中间是形容词fortunate。

译文 幸运的是,这些变化确实存在于老虎的照片中。

【例2】It is possible that the results simply reflected the general health status and underlying disease of the volunteers.

译文 结果可能只是反映了志愿者的一般健康状况和潜在疾病。

(1)It be+过去分词+that从句。

It is believed that……人们相信……

It is said that……据说……

It is reported that……据报道……

It is generally thought that……人们普遍认为……

It has been found out that……现已发现……

It should be noted that……应当注意到……

【真题回放】It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately_____.

[A]apparent

[B]desirable

[C]negative

[D]plausible

解析 句首it是形式主语, that引导真正的主语从句,主语从句中主语the introduction of the computer in the early20th century后面是过去分词结构作后置定语,也可以看成是插入语, radically changed是谓语, the process是宾语, although引导让步状语从句。its指代的是the computer’s;根据上下文的逻辑,可推出虽然计算机的影响很大,但这个影响不是一蹴而就的,它刚出现时应该没有像现在这样得到这么广泛的使用,因此它对媒体的影响不是立刻就很明显的(apparent)。

译文 然而,人们普遍认识到二十世纪初期计算机的出现及随后六十年代集成电路的发明,在极大程度上改变了这一进程,虽然它对媒体的影响并没有立竿见影。

(2)It+不及物动词+that从句。

It seems that……似乎……

It happens that……碰巧……(www.daowen.com)

It follows that……因此……;由此可见……

It turns out that……结果证明是……

【真题回放】_____helping you feel close and connected to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a host of health benefits to your body and mind.

[A]Unlike

[B]Besides

[C]Despite

[D]Throughout

解析 it turns out后接主语从句。根据本句句内逻辑关系,“it turns out that hugs……”说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此,前文的逻辑关系应该为Besides(除此以外)。

译文 拥抱除了让你感觉和你关心的人亲密无间,还能给你的身心带来很多健康益处。

(3)其他结构。

It occurs to sb. that……某人突然想起……

It dawns upon/on sb. that……某人突然想起……

It makes no difference that……无所谓……

It doesn't need to be bothered that……不必担忧……

It is of little consequence that……无关紧要……

【例】It occurs to me that they forgot to mention a major marketing point in our presentation.

译文 结果我发现他们忘了在简报中提到一个重要的营销点。

2.由连接副词引导的主语从句

连接副词when, where, why, how都可引导主语从句,这些连接词在从句中作主语、宾语或状语,不可省略。由它们引导的主语从句,也可用形式主语it引导。

【真题回放】It is no mystery to me why many teenagers appear apathetic and burned out, with a “been there, done that” air of difference toward much of it.

解析 it作形式主语,连接副词why引导的主语从句为真正的主语。

译文 我一点都不奇怪为什么许多青少年表现得麻木不仁、无精打采,对生活抱着一种“都见过了,都经历过了”的无所谓态度。

3.由连接代词引导的主语从句

连接代词who, which和what以及whatever等都可引导主语从句,它们在主语从句中充当成分,不可省略。

【例1】Who then are these people employed in philosophy departments, and what entitles them to express subjective viewpoints with the pretensions of impersonal knowledge?

解析 由连接代词who引导的主语从句,在从句中作主语。

译文 那么,这些受雇于哲学研究部门的人究竟是什么人,又是谁给他们资格就所谓的普适知识发表主观观点呢?

【例2】What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings.

解析 what引导的从句what this amounts to作句子的主语, that the scientist……his own writings为表语从句。

译文 当然,这无异于说这位科学家已成为自己所写的报告的牺牲品。

4.it结构的主语从句与强调句型的区别

it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子中某一成分的强调,其结构是“it is/was……that”。除强调人时可换用who, whom,其他无论强调的是什么成分,都只能用that。区分主语从句和强调句主要是根据连接词后面句子与连接词中间的短语的关系进行判断:强调句去掉it be和连接词后句子仍然完整,主语从句去掉it be和连接词后句子不完整。

●It was in Paris where they met for the first time.(×)

●It was in Paris that they met for the first time.(√)[强调句]

●It is Mr. Smith that/who invited Professor Li to Harvard University.(√)[强调句]

●It is a mystery how the prisoner escaped.(√)[主语从句]

●It’s well known that the Chinese people show great hospitality.(√)[主语从句]

【例1】It was from Stephen that she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.

解析 本句为一个强调句,而不是it作形式主语的主语从句。被强调的部分为from Stephen;去掉it was和that后句子结构完整。

译文 她是从史蒂芬那儿首次听说那个被称作专家的人的。

【例2】It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

解析 本句为一个it作形式主语的主语从句。真正的主语是that后面的句子,去掉it be和that后,句子结构不完整。

译文 我们或许可以说,衡量任何一个社会机构的价值要看其在丰富和完善人们的人生经验方面所起的作用,但是这种作用并不是其最初动机的组成部分。

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