新的招数,新的实验

更新于 2026年11月04日 版权声明
新的招数,新的实验

实际上,对于研究自我意识,科学家们已经想出了其他的高招。有一个经典的实验叫作“橡皮手效应”,简单说来,就是在受试者的真实手臂边上放一个形状位置大体相近的橡皮假手,而受试者的真实手臂被遮挡起来,只能看见橡皮手。这时,实验人员同时用毛刷刺激真实的手臂和橡皮假手,经过一定时间受试者就会产生错觉,认为橡皮手是自己真实的躯体,当实验人员用力敲击橡皮手的时候,受试者会缩回自己真实的手臂。“橡皮手效应”还可以拓展到整个躯体,有科学家尝试了一种“灵魂出窍”的实验,给受试者戴上一副虚拟现实的眼镜,里面看到的是经过摄像头拍摄处理后的自己身体的背影,对受试者的后背用毛刷等进行感觉刺激,同时在虚拟现实眼镜中同步地可以看见对于虚拟身体的刺激。经过一定时间的训练以后,受试者也会产生错觉,认为眼镜里看见的就是自己真实的躯体,对虚拟身体的虚拟操作也会引起受试者真实身体的反应。“橡皮手效应”和“灵魂出窍”反映出了一种对于身体的自我认知,也可以代表某种程度的自我意识。现在,科学家们也在尝试将这些实验方法用于研究猴子。我们可以拭目以待,看看“孙大圣”还能带给我们什么神奇的表现。

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