海原县20岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征流行病学调查
【摘要】
目的：掌握宁夏海原县20岁以上人群阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患病率及相关危险因素，为慢性疾病的防控提供基础依据。
方法：采取分层整群抽样选择海原县城、海兴开发区、关桥乡、七营乡四个地区20岁以上常住居民2000人为调查对象，进行入户问卷调查。从打鼾≥2级、ESS≥9分、有睡眠呼吸暂停史共202名可疑OSAHS人员中随机抽取101名进行便携式初筛仪睡眠监测，估算整个海原县地区OSAHS的患病情况。
结果：有效问卷1760份，有效率88.0%，其中城镇736人，乡村1024人；人均年龄43.65岁，男性971人（55.17%），女性789人（44.83%），回族1002人（56.93%），汉族758人（43.07%）；打鼾的发生率约24.09%。50岁以下随年龄的增加打鼾者比例上升，51～70岁趋于平缓，71岁以上有所下降。男性（28.53%）高于女性（18.63%）；吸烟、饮酒与打鼾程度密切相关；不同程度的打鼾者，Epworth嗜睡评分（ESS）有明显差异；对打鼾的认识上仅有15.11%的人认为是疾病需要治疗；以呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥5/h、夜间最低氧饱和度（SaO2）＜90%、ESS评分≥9分为标准，抽取101名可疑OSAHS人员经便携式初筛仪睡眠监测诊断87人，估算显示海原县20岁以上人群OSAHS的患病率为4.94%；吸烟、饮酒、家族史、鼻腔阻塞、下颌后缩、咽腔狭窄和体重指数（BMI）≥28 kg/m2为该地区调查人群的OSAHS的危险因素。
结论：宁夏海原县20岁以上人群打鼾发生率23.58%，OSAHS患病率4.94%，与目前国内研究结果接近。OSAHS的危险因素有吸烟、饮酒、家族史、鼻腔阻塞、下颌后缩、咽腔狭窄和BMI≥28 kg/m2。有望通过以控制危险因素为核心的综合性慢病防治策略的实施，降低疾病的发生和危害。
【关键词】阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征；流行病学；危险因素
The epidemiological investigation of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in adults aged over 20 years in Haiyuan(https://www.daowen.com)
ABSTRACT
Objective：To investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in adults aged over 20 years in Haiyuan and providing the basis data for prevention and controlling of chronic diseases.
Methods：2000subjects（aged≥20 years）were derived from a stratified cluster and random sampling of the population living in four districts in Haiyuan.They were asked to answer the questions from a questionnaire concerning snoring，daytime sleepiness，and habits such as smoking and drinking，etc.According to the degree of snoring，Epworth scores and a history of sleep apnea，101 were selected to be tested by portable sleep monitor in 202 suspicious OSAHS staff.The prevalence of OSAHS was conservatively estimated from the result.
Result：A total of 1760（88.0%）validated questionnaires was collected，including urban areas736people and rural 1024 people；average age is 43.65 years old，including males 971（55.17%），females 789（44.83%）；Hui 1002（56.93%），Han 758（43.07%）.the incidence of snoring was about 23.58%.50 years of age with age increased the proportion of snorers showed an upward trend，51 to 70 years old tends to flat，71 years of age or more decline.the prevalence higher in males（28.63%）than in females（18.63%）；drinking and snoring were closely related；varying degrees of snorer，Epworth sleepiness score were significantly different.only 15.11%of which people are acquainted with snoring.the estimated prevalence of OSAHS was 4.94%by apnea hypopnea index（AHI）≥5/h，minimum nighttime oxygen saturation（SaO2）<90%，Epworth sleepiness score（ESS）≥9.Smoking，alcohol consumption，family history，nasal obstruction，mandibular retrusion，pharyngeal stenosis and body mass index（BMI）≥28 were the risk factors for OSAHS in the survey population.
Conclusion：The incidence of snoring was 23.58%and the prevalence of OSAHS was 4.94%，this date is close to the current research results.Smoking，alcohol consumption，family history，nasal obstruction，mandibular retrusion，pharyngeal stenosis and body mass index（BMI）≥28 were the risk factors for OSAHS in the survey population.It is expected to reduce the occurrence and harm of the disease through the implementation of comprehensive chronic disease prevention and control strategy with the control of risk factors as the core.
Key Words：Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome；OSAHS，Epidemiology；Risk factors