逻辑关系对应分析法
技巧点拨
完形填空中有不少题目在设计上非常注重干扰项在语法结构上的合理性，使四个选项在语法上均无懈可击。还有的干扰项从局部角度讲可以被认可，例如在短语或单句层面上符合习惯搭配或逻辑表达。但当这些词置于全文背景中便不合理：前后矛盾或与主题不相关。考生在解题中一定不能脱离上下文，要结合周围语境，得出答案。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。
（1）充分利用逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如与其为同义词、近义词或反义词等。
（2）并列、递进关系、同义词解法
表现形式是空格的前后部分在语法结构或意义方面对称，具体可以分为句子内部的并列和句子间的并列。句子内部并列又可分为词性并列、褒贬并列、动静并列以及肯定与否定并列；而句子间的并列主要为语义并列。该类题型选项中经常出现的逻辑词有and（和）、or（或者）、also（也）、as well as（也）、while（而，表示并列）、either...or...（要么……要么……）、neither...nor...（既不……也不……）、not...but...（不是……而是……）、not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）等。因此在空格周围出现并列结构时，并列的内容是推断答案的线索。
例如：Together with another two scientists，he is publishing a paper which not only____that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others，but explains the process that has brought this about.
A.advises B.suggests C.protests D.objects
分析：B。此题考查的是not only...but（also）...平行并列结构，只要懂得平行并列结构所连接的两个部分在语法结构或意义方面对称，考生就可以轻松作答。空格的答案要和but后面的explains形成对应，因而只能用suggests（提出，表明）。故答案为B。
（3）转折对立关系、反义词解法
根据上下文的语义或前后表示转折意义的连接词提示，包括however（然而）、although（虽然）、yet（还，但是）、even if（即使，纵然）、even though（虽然，即使）、while（而）、on the contrary（相反地）、rather than（而不是）、though（虽然）、but（但是）、whereas（相反，反之，然而）、by contrast（与之相反，对比之下）、instead of（代替，而不是）等，选出与中心线索语义反义关系的选项。
例如：
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat.One adaptation is to be light in color，and to____rather than absorb the sun’s rays.
A.react B.reflect C.reduce D.repel
分析：B。根据空格后的rather than（而不是）之后的absorb可确定此处应该选择它的反义词reflect。故答案为B。react“起反应，起作用”；reduce“减少，缩小，简化”；repel“击退，抵制”。
典型真题
例1：
Modern TV shows are so exciting and fast paced that they make reading and schoolwork seem 32 by comparison，and the same may be true for video games，the study notes.（中国科学院2013年）
32.A.industrious B.limited C.dull D.funny
【名师点评】C。形容词词义辨析。根据句中by comparison判定，Modern TV shows与reading and schoolwork形成对比，空格应填入与exciting and fast意思相对的形容词。故答案为C。
例2：
Current 44 of innateness theory are mixed；however，evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable.Indeed，more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in the lower grades.（浙江大学2012年）
44.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
【名师点评】A。名词词义辨析。reviews“评论”；reference“参考”；reaction“反应”；recommendation“推荐”。根据句中的转折词however和后面的evidence判定，前面的意思为对“先天论”观点评论不一。故答案为A。
例3：
The scientists are careful to point out that lower-altitude glaciers in the Asian mountain ranges—sometimes dubbed the“third pole”—are definitely melting.Satellite images and reports confirm this.But over the study period from 2003-10 enough ice was added to the peaks to 40 .（北京大学2012年）
40.A.replace B.refund C.compensate D.balance
【名师点评】C。上下文语义理解。空格所在句子的转折连词but说明，空格应填入与melting相反意思的词，根据句意“补偿损失”，故C项符合句意。
例4：
Do you forget to turn off the lights and heaters when you go out of a room？In 2040 it will not matter.They will turn themselves off and on again when you 37 .You will choose the temperatures for each room，the lighting and the humidity.A sensor will detectthe presence of a human（and，with luck，ignore the dog！）and turn the systems on，and when the humans leave it will turn them off again.（浙江大学2013年）
37.A.go out B.return C.run out D.go away
【名师点评】B。动词词义辨析和上下文语义。根据句中turn...off and on中off和on互为反义词，空格填入的动词应与上文中go out of的意思也相反。选项中，只有return符合句意。故答案为B。(https://www.daowen.com)
实战演练
1.Again，the customer sends a check and the item is delivered to his or her home.Online shopping is the latest development，where the“catalogue”is available on the Internet，combining the advantages of both the book catalogue and the television and indeed adding more____.The customer makes his choice but rather than sending an order and a check through the post，he places the order and pays for it using his credit card，all using the Internet.
A.disadvantages B.features C.advantages D.characteristics
2.Together with other activities that may have been ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated as artistic（such as music or dance），painting was one of the earliest ways in which man sought to express his own personality and his emerging understanding of an existence beyond the material world.____music and dance，however，examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day.
A.As B.Unlike C.Like D.Since
3.The researchers did not find significant differences along gender lines，but Lieberman said prior studies had hinted at some differences in the benefits men and women derived from talking about their feelings.“Women may do more of this____，but when men are instructed to do it，they may get more benefit from it，”he said.
A.unconsciously B.spontaneously C.willingly D.reluctantly
4.In the past，our concept of intelligence was mainly limited to the kinds of skills that enable one to do well in school.But Emotional Intelligence____what it means to be smart by focusing on how the mind processes feelings rather than ideas.There are many ways in which an understanding of Emotional Intelligence can be very handy.
A.rectifies B.redefines C.endures D.enables
5.Over the next six days，the volunteers reported on any aches，pains，sneezing or congestion they had，while the researchers collected____data，like daily mucus production.Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes，happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
A.objective B.subjective C.positive D.negative
6.Now things are changing.The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults.They，unlike their parents，want to live in the cities.Some continue to move to cities in the Sun Belt.Cities are expanding and the population is increasing in such states as Texas，Florida，and California.Others are moving to more____cities of the Northeast and Midwest，such as Boston，Baltimore and Chicago.
A.organized B.famous C.official D.established
7.One of the patients is a woman with epilepsy.Doctors are monitoring Denise Harris to see if she is a good candidate for an operation that could stop her seizures.They are monitoring her through wire electrodes implanted in her brain.But____she is in the hospital，she is also helping scientists understand how the brain works with language.The study centers on a part of the frontal lobe called Broca’s area.
A.as soon as B.then C.whereas D.while
8.The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a“white-collar”job is no good reason for choosing it as a life’s work.Moreover，these occupations are not always well paid.Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work，the majority of young people should give serious____to these fields.
A.priority B.regulation C.assessment D.consideration
9.Chief executive Richard Brook said，“Most people already know that it’s good to talk，but when you’re in mental distress it isn’t always that____.If the crucial links are missing，things can go downhill rapidly.”He urged the government to take the lead in providing better social support for those at risk.
A.difficult B.obvious C.simple D.special
10.The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.The court cannot maintain its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law when justices behave like politicians.Yet，in several instances，justices acted in ways that the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.
A.restored B.weakened C.established D.eliminated
答案解析
1.C。名词词义辨析和逻辑衔接。advantage意为“优点”，本句前面提到“网络购物结合了商品目录购物与电视购物两者的优点”，然后用indeed adding more...表明顺承关系，显然，这里应指前文的advantage。feature和characteristic均是“特点”之意，为中性词；disadvantage意为“缺点，不足”，与该处语境相矛盾。
2.B。逻辑衔接。however表示转折，所以空格处应填入一个表示否定的介词，因此unlike为最佳答案。
3.B。副词词义辨析和逻辑衔接。空格后的but表明，空格前Women的表现和空格后men的表现是相反的，空格后的men是are instructed to do it，即必须有人引导，由此可推出Women是自发地谈心，spontaneously意为“自发地”，符合语义，故答案为B。unconsciously“无意识地，不觉察地”；willingly“情愿地，乐意地”；reluctantly“不情愿地，勉强地”。
4.B。动词词义辨析和逻辑衔接。本段首句讨论了以前对Emotional Intelligence（EQ）的定义，第二句是上一句的转折，根据后面的意思，应该选“重新定义”。选项中，redefine（重新定义）符合要求。rectify“整顿，调整”；endure“承担，承受”；enable sb.to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”。
5.A。形容词词义辨析和逻辑衔接。注意while连接前后两个句子，前面的句子强调志愿者的主观感受，如疼痛等；后面的句子强调研究人员收集的实验数据，具有客观性，选项中只有objective（客观的）符合题意。故答案为A。
6.D。形容词词义辨析和逻辑衔接。空格所在句中的Others表明此处与前面所谈及的SunBelt（阳光地带）的changing（新兴）城市相对比，此处应为established（古老的，早就建设起来的）城市。故答案为D。official“官方的，正式的”；famous“著名的”；organized“组织好的”，均不合题意。
7.D。逻辑关系题。But一词表明前后意思转折，句中连词also表明Denise虽然是病人，但是住院的同时也在帮助科学家理解大脑如何处理语言。故答案为D，表示“与此同时”。
8.D。名词词义辨析和逻辑衔接。根据空格所在句中的since判断，空格所在的句子与前面的句子构成因果关系，因此空格处填入的词大意应为consideration（考虑，思考）。故答案为D。priority“优先权，优先考虑的事情”；regulation“规章，条例”；assessment“评估，估计”。
9.C。形容词词义辨析和逻辑衔接。根据空格所在句中的转折词but判定，这里作者想表达的意思是“知道是一回事，做起来又是另一回事”，这样前后才能构成转折关系，选difficult逻辑矛盾，obvious和special都不构成对比关系，只能用simple。故答案为C。
10.B。动词词义辨析和逻辑衔接。本段首句讨论了法官的行为表现的像政治家时，法院就无法维持其守卫法规的合法性。此处Yet是转折语气，空格应填入与前面maintain意思相近的动词。选项中，weaken（削弱）符合要求，意为“法官还是削弱了法院独立、公正的声誉”。