二、倒装句的译法
（一）部分倒装
部分倒装主要是英语的句法，是指将谓语的一部分成分，如情态动词或助动词倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有情态动词或助动词，则需要添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。常见的情形有以下几种：
1.具有否定意义的词或否定短语在句首，句子需要部分倒装。例如：little，never，not，no，hardly，rarely，seldom，scarcely，not until，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...，nowhere，etc.例如：
1）这种和谐社会的想法不仅仅是一个中国式的概念，而更重要的是，它是一个世界范围的理想。（南京大学2009年真题）
正常语序：This idea about harmonious society will be not only a concept of Chinese-type，and more importantly，it is a world-wide ideal.
部分倒装：Not only will this idea about harmonious society be a concept of Chinese-type，and more importantly，it is a world-wide ideal.
2）直到买了一辆自己的车，软件设计员才意识到开车，特别是在高速公路上开车，是一大乐趣。（四川大学2006真题）
正常语序：The software designer did not realize that driving，especially driving on the highway was great fun until he bought his own car.
部分倒装：Not until the software designer bought his own car did he realize that driving，especially driving on the highway was great fun.
3）我们国家在任何时候、任何情况下都不会侵略其他国家。
正常语序：Our country won't invade the other countries at any time and under any circumstances.
部分倒装：At no time and under no circumstances will our country invade the other countries.
4）总统一作完演说，新闻记者们就向他提出一连串的问题。
正常 语 序：The president had no sooner finished his speech than newspaper reporters fired off a series of questions.
部分倒装：No sooner had the president finished his speech than newspaper reporters fired off a series of questions.
5）没有任何地方会比在舞蹈世界更能看到他的贡献那么明显，感觉到他的影响那么强大。
正常语序：His contribution will be more obvious and his influence more strongly felt nowhere than in the world of dance.
部分倒装：Nowhere will his contribution be more obvious and his influence more strongly felt than in the world of dance.
6）去年，不只是景区的旅游业得到了较好的发展，那里的旅游资源也得到了很好的保护。（四川大学2006真题）
正常语序：Last year，the tourism in that landscape not only gets well developed，but also the tourism resources got well protected.
部分倒装：Last year，not only did the tourism in that landscape get well developed，but also the tourism resources got well protected.
2.Only+状语（即副词、介词短语或从句）放在句首时，主句部分倒装。例如：
1）只有通过艰苦的劳动才能将这些自然资源转变成物质财富和舒适的生活。（哈尔滨工业大学2007年真题）
Only by working hard can we turn these natural resources into material wealth and comfortable life.
2）只有这样，我们才能迎来教育的真正进步。（武汉大学2008年真题）
Only in this way can we get real progress in education.
3）只有当你弄明白自己的真实感受以及产生这种感受的原因，你才能开始着手解决问题。（博士生入学考试英语模拟题）
Only after you have figured out what you feel and why can you start to deal with these problems.
4）在这样一个国家促进人权，既不能照搬西方发达国家的人权发展模式，也不能因袭其他发展中国家的做法，只能从中国的国情出发，探索具有自身特点的发展道路。（武汉大学2010年真题）
Neither copying the developmental pattern of western developed countries nor inheriting other developing countries can be adopted to promote human rights in such a country.Only in view of the condition of our country can we search for a path which corresponds to the traits of ourselves.
3.在含有were，had，should的虚拟条件状语中，如果省去if，条件状语须用倒装结构。例如：
1）Were he to start right now，he would finish next Monday.
原句为：If he were to start right now，he would finish next Monday.
2）Had you studied harder，you would have got better result.
原句为：If you had studied harder，you would have got better result.
3）Should it rain，the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain，the crops would be saved.
原句为：If it should（或were to）rain，the crops would be saved.
4.副词so+形容词或副词+that从句，so在句首时，主句倒装，that从句不倒装。例如：
1）光传播得很快我们无法测量其速度。
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to measure its speed.
2）这种水果的果皮在某种形式上极其坚硬，只有用锤子才能砸开。
So hard is the skin this fruit from a certain perspective that it can only be cracked open with a hammer.
5.代词so，neither，nor，no more在句首，表示前面提出的某一情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“代词+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。例如：
1）一个青年人只期望富有是不明智的，只专心于求得权力与名望也是不对的。（北京理工大学2007年真题）
It is unwise for a young man merely to look forward to becoming wealthy，so is only to attend to pursue power and fame.
2）调查还发现，虽然男性是热情的游戏爱好者，女性也是。
The survey also found that，while men are avid game players，so are women.
（二）全部倒装(https://www.daowen.com)
主语与谓语交换位置时不需要加任何助动词，是全部倒装。全部倒装有以下几种情况：
1.以介词开头的地点状语位于句首时，通常用全部倒装。例如：
1）古城矗立在安第斯山脉东边的斜坡上。（北京师范大学2012年真题）
On the eastern slopes of the Andes stands the ancient city.
2）公园里到处是散步和骑自行车的人。（北京理工大学2006年真题）
All over the parks are strollers and cyclists.
2.当here，there，out，in，up，down，then，thus，away，now，along等副词放在句首时，句子通常需全部倒装。例如：
1）这里有一些我们碰到的常见的问题和争议，你会发现这些回答是有价值的。
Here are some common questions and objections we have encountered，the answers to which you will find valuable.
2）这一时刻终将到来，我们所有的人，不管是谁，都能留意到战场号角的召唤。
There comesa time when all of us，no matter who we are，heed the call to the battlefield.
每日训练
1.翻译下列各句，注意否定部分的处理。
1）如果没有太阳，什么都不能生存。
2）她觉得她再也不能忍受她丈夫的侮辱。
3）有时孩子们下棋并不全是为了娱乐。
4）并非每种疾病都用同样的方法治疗。
5）那时，我们连电脑都没有，更不用说电子邮件和因特网了。
6）这些细菌要在温度达到100摄氏度时才会死亡。
2.翻译下列各句，注意倒装用法。
1）母亲一直到孩子入睡后才离开房间。
2）他害怕得很，动也不敢动。
3）那人从马上跳下来。
4）一个长着一双大眼睛的腼腆女孩坐在屋子的后面。
5）尽管他们很勇敢，但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。
6）要是你参加了毕业典礼，我就会见到你了。
7）那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。
8）只是因为他生病了，他才旷课的。
9）我们将来的家就是这个样子。
10）山顶上耸立着一棵大松树。
参考译文
1.1）Without the sun，nothing could live.
2）She doesn't feel that she can stand her husband's insult any longer.
3）Sometimes the children don't play chess for amusement.
4）Every disease is not cured in the same way.
5）At that time we didn't have computers，to say nothing of e-mails and Internet.
6）These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100℃.
2.1）Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
2）So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
3）Down jumped the man from the horse.
4）Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.
5）Brave as they were，the danger made them afraid.
6）Had you attended the graduate ceremony（=If you had attended the graduate ceremony），I should have seen you.
7）Hardly had the baby seen the dog when she cried.
8）Only because he was ill was he absent from school.
9）Such would be our home in the future.
10）On top of the hill stands a big pine tree.