三、经典范例
下面我们以厦门大学2006年博士研究生入学英语考试作文试题为例对类型二的写作方法加以说明：
Directions:Write an essay of no less than 250 words on the given topic of“The Pace of Life”based on the following outline.Present your argument with supporting details.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
1.生活节奏越来越快，人们感到时间不够用。
2.快节奏生活的利弊。
3.我对快节奏生活的看法。
写作步骤分析：
显而易见，这是一道提纲式的作文题。可以通过以下审题和构思过程完成这篇作文：
1.分析题目和提纲可知，应该写一篇说明文，当然其中可以夹有议论。要写出快节奏生活的“利”和“弊”，然后给出自己的看法，重点是利弊和看法。
2.根据提纲，文章可分四段，第一段给出生活节奏越来越快的例子；第二段写“快节奏生活的利”；第三段阐述“快节奏生活的弊”；第四段是“我的”看法。第二、三段也可以进行合并。
3.根据以上分析，可以把提纲转换为如下主题句：
As science and technology develops，the whole world seems to move at a faster and faster pace.
The fast pace of society both have its advantages and downside effects.For the positive effects，...
Fast pace of life，of course，also has many negative effects such as...
However，we should not be afraid of it，for...
4.以材料支持各段主题句。第一段的材料可以是：生活节奏越来越快的一些具体表现；第二段写快节奏生活的利：提醒人们不断前进、更好地利用时间等；第三段阐述快节奏生活的弊：使人压力过大等；第四段表明自己的观点：利大于弊，所以要正视快节奏生活，并合理安排时间、提高效率等，并作总结，圆满结尾。
参考范文
The Pace of Life
As science and technology develops，the whole world seems to move at a faster and faster pace.People in modern society are always feeling that they are desperately gasping for time.Because there are always endless things that need dealing with，and there always seems to be a lack in time.
The fast pace of society both has its advantages and downside effects.For the positive effects，fast pace of life can urge people to move forward.It gives people a sense of strain and helps people to realize the surrounding situations，thus urging people to move forwards and pursue further progress rather than linger around the past achievements.Besides，fast life pace can help people make better arrangement of their limited time and help them make better use of the resources，thus improving the efficiency of both individuals and society.
Fast pace of life，of course，also has many negative effects such as making people at tense every moment，making people suffer much from the pressure and so on.
However，we should not be afraid of it，for there are still so many benefits that fast pace can bring us.What's more，negative effects can be eliminated by our own efforts arrange the spare time reasonably so as to put everything in order，and improve the efficiency of every task so that we can have more time for use and go ahead of time.As long as we regard fast life pace in a right way，it will be the motive rather than disincentive for our progress.
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1.Directions:In this section you are required to write an essay in accordance with the following requirements.
A.Title Scientific Discovery—Curse or Blessing
B.Time limit 40 minutes
C.Word limit 250300 words（not including the given opening sentences）
D.Your composition should be based on the given opening sentences of each paragraph.
E.Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Outlines:
1）New scientific discoveries nearly always bring to mankind a blessing；
2）Yet sometimes scientific discoveries may prove a curse upon human race；
3）The misuse of scientific discoveries must be prevented.
2.Directions:In this part，you are required to write an essay for at least 250 words on the topic of“The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection”.
参考范文
1 Scientific Discovery—Curse or Blessing
It seems that new scientific discoveries nearly always bring to mankind a blessing.Itis the new scientific discoveries that bring human beings from primitive caves gradually to cozy and comfortable dwelling houses，from shabby cotton clothes to various good-quality wearing apparel，from simple food to various kinds of nutritious foods.It is the new scientific discoveries that change people's ways of living，make people communicate more easily and broaden mankind's vision to the global village.Indeed，new scientific discoveries have fundamentally changed our earth and greatly improved living standard of the inhabitants on it.
Yet sometimes scientific discoveries may prove a curse upon human race.Especially that is the case when they are used or controlled by evil men or war maniacs.Take explosives as an example.Scientists succeeded in inventing explosives mainly for the sake of increasing productivity in mining industry，architectural industry，and so on.But such war maniacs as Hitler and his followers wanted to dominate the whole world and establish the Third Empire with them.They unleashed the Second World War and killed millions of innocent civilians.It proves that when some scientific discoveries are misguidedly used，they will pose a great threat to man's peaceful environment and life safety.
Thus，the misuse of scientific discoveries must be prevented.First of all，government should legislate for the benefit of the people and educate people to obey the law and put it into enforcement effectively.Secondly，we should have correct attitudes towards some scientific discoveries because they are sometimes regarded as two-edged swords.Humans should aim at exploring the positive aspects fully but strictly control their negative use and try to eliminate the hazards to human race.
2 The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection
Intellectual property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of academic researchersand administrators even 15 years ago.Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research policies and directions.This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a changing view on the relationships of research at universities to the surrounding society.Until recently，research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility，and the education of graduate students has been emphasizing a career in academic research as the final goal.
Now almost all research universities in the United States have technology licensing operations.The number of U.S.patents granted to American universities in a year rose from about 300 in 1980 to almost 2000 in 1995.The direct economic impact of technologylicensing on the universities themselves has been relatively small.In contrast，the impact of university technology transfer on the local and national economies has been substantial，and leads to the conclusion that the Licensing Act is one of the most successful pieces of economic development in recent history.It has been estimated that more than 200，000jobs have been created in the United States in product development and manufacturing of products from university licenses，with the number increasing fairly rapidly as the licenses mature.
Intellectual property terms have become vitally important.The company wants to be assured that it can use the results of the research and that these results will not be available to their competitors.But most universities insist that transfer of research results is key to their identity and mission and will not agree to keep the project results secret.The key to resolving this dilemma is to grant patents the university will publish the results，but will first agree to file patents that will protect the very company's privilege in the commercial market place.