热点演练40篇参考答案
热点演练1
①七八千年前的新石器时代，黄河流域的居民开始制作陶器。②在明清两代，瓷器生产达到了顶峰。③在这两个朝代中，几乎整个瓷器业都集中在江西省景德镇。④明朝，瓷器被大量运往中东和近东地区。⑤在清末，政局动荡不可避免地对艺术造成了影响，所以中国瓷器的质量开始下降。⑥但是现在，随着中国文化在国内外越来越受到认可，瓷器生产得到复兴。
①Seven or eight thousand years ago during the new Stone Age，the inhabitants of the Yellow River Basin began to make pottery.②Porcelain manufacture reached its height of excellence in Ming and Qing Dynasties.③During these dynasties，almost the entire porcelain industry was concentrated in Jingdezhen，Jiangxi Province.④In the Ming Dynasty，porcelain was shipped in large quantities to the Middle East and Near East.⑤The quality of Chinese porcelain began to decline from the end of the Qing dynasty as political instability took its inevitable toll on the arts.⑥However，nowadays the produc-tion of porcelain is being revived as Chinese culture gains greater recognition both at home and abroad.
主题：中国传统文化——瓷器
难点及词汇注释：
句①“七八千年”表示约数，可用“seven or eight thousand years”来表达。
句②“达到顶峰”可用“reach the height of excellence”来表达。
句③“在这两个朝代中”指代前一句提到的“明清两代”，不必将具体数字“两个”翻译出来，只用“these dynasties”指代即可。
句④“大量”做状语，可译为“in large quantities”。
句⑤存在因果关系，分析句意可知，“中国瓷器的质量开始下降”为主句，“政局动荡……”则为原因状语从句。“对……造成影响”可译为“take one’s toll on sth.”。
句⑥“瓷器生产得到复兴”是一直在进行的动作，此处应使用现在进行时。“国内外”可译为“at home and abroad”。
热点演练2
①京剧是中国式戏剧的一种，兴起于19世纪中期，到清朝达到全盛时期。②它被看成是中国文化艺术的瑰宝。③独树一帜的京剧艺术根植于博大精深的中华文化。④但是现在京剧并不受普通大众喜爱，亟须抢救、保护和继承。⑤当前的关键在于增强民族文化的自觉意识，建立民族文化自信，开掘京剧文化的现代价值，为优化人类文明提供精神营养。
①Peking opera is a kind of Chinese op-era which arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty.②It is widely regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China.③The unique artistic val-ues of Peking opera are deeply rooted in the broad and profound Chinese culture.④How-ever，Peking opera has lost its popularity a-mong the general public and must be rescued，protected and inherited.⑤The crucial point at present is to strengthen the sense of aware-ness of our national culture，to establish the confidence in national culture and to explore the modern cultural values of Peking opera so as to provide spiritual accomplishments for the improvement of human civilization.
主题：中国传统文化——京剧
难点及词汇注释：
句①“兴起于……”是对“京剧”的进一步说明，可用which引导非限制性定语从句来表达。
句②“瑰宝”可用treasure来表达。
句③“博大精深”可用“broad and profound”来表达；“植根于”可用“be rooted in”来表达。
句④包含两个独立的句子，可用and连接并列句子。“不受……喜爱”可用“lost its popularity among…”来表达。
句⑤句子较长，其中“为优化……”可译为so as to…目的状语从句。“增强……”“建立……”“开掘……”为并列谓语。
热点演练3
①中国是龙狮运动的发源地。②舞龙、舞狮一直深受各族人民的喜爱。③它们长盛不衰，并由此形成了灿烂的龙狮文化。④长期以来，很多青年朋友都以为龙舞、狮舞就是春节、庙会、庆典时的喜庆表演，殊不知它历经了几千年的传承演变，积淀了深厚的历史文化，是祖先留给我们的极其宝贵的文化遗产。
①China is home to the Dragon Dance and Lion Dance.②The two performances have been welcomed by people from various ethnic groups.③These activities have thrived for generations and formed a glorious dragon and lion dancing culture.④Many young people know that the dragon dance and lion dance are performed during festivals such as Spring Festival，Spring Festival fairs and celebrations.⑤But they don’t know that after several thousand years the two activities have accumulated thick historical cultures and they are extremely valuable cultural heritages handed down from our ancestors.
主题：中国传统文化——舞龙、舞狮
难点及词汇注释：
句①“是……的发源地”可用“home to…”表达。“龙狮运动”是指“舞龙、舞狮运动”。
句②“舞龙、舞狮”承接第一句中的“龙狮运动”，此处可用“the two performances”来表达，使句子更为简化。
句③可翻译成and连接的两个并列分句。
句④句子较长，可将“殊不知……”作为分界点，将其分为两个句子，由but连接。第一句主要表达“很多青年人以为……”；第二句主要表达“很多青年人不知道……”。“……是……的喜庆表演”可译为主谓结构，“春节、庙会、庆典时”可译为时间状语。“祖先留给我们的”可以译为过去分词短语“handed down from ancestors”，做后置定语，修饰cultural heritages。
热点演练4
①泥塑艺术是中华民间艺术的一种。②民间艺人用天然的或廉价的材料，能够做出精美小巧的工艺品，博得民众的喜爱。③虽然泥塑并非以科技含量而论，但它确实在人们的生活中增加了新的亮点。④在高科技迅猛发展的今天，这种艺术形式是人们追求其返璞归真的具体写照，同时也是当今人们追求时尚、个性的一种体现。
①Clay sculpture art is a kind of Chinese folk art.②The folk artisans use natural or cheap materials but can make small and exquisite artifacts，gaining popularity with common people.③Though clay sculptures are not technologically involved，they bring highlights to people’s lives.④Today，with high technology developing rapidly，reflection upon this art form allows people to return to an original simplicity and allows for a manifestation of fashion and individuality.
主题：中国传统文化——泥塑
难点及词汇注释：
句①“民间艺术”可用folk art表达。
句②“精美”与“天然、廉价”构成语义上的转折，在翻译时可用but连接句子。“精美的”可用exquisite表达；“博得民众的喜爱”可译为现在分词短语，做伴随状语。
句③“并非以科技含量而论”表示“不含有科技含量”，可译为not technologically involved。
句④“在高科技迅猛发展的今天”可译为with…，表伴随。“返璞归真”可译为“return to an original simplicity”。
热点演练5
①造纸术是中国古代四大发明之一。②在造纸术发明以前，中国人把字刻在或写在一些用起来非常笨重或昂贵的东西上，比如龟甲和绢帛上。③直到东汉时期，名叫蔡伦的官员发明了既适于书写又非常便宜的纸张。④之后，造纸术经由丝绸之路向东亚、西亚以及世界其他地区传播。⑤纸的发明极大地方便了信息的储存和交流，对于推动世界文明的发展具有重大意义。
①Papermaking is one of the four great inventions in ancient China.②Before the papermaking technigue was invented，the Chinese carved or wrote characters on something heavy to use or expensive，such as tortoise shells and silk.③Till the Eastern Han Dynasty，an official named Cai Lun created paper which was suitable for writing and also very cheap.④Later，the papermaking technique was spread to West and East Asia as well as other parts of the world via the Silk Road.⑤The invention of paper provides a convenient way for the storage and communication of information，and also has an epoch-making significance on developing global civilization.
主题：中国传统文化——造纸术
难点及词汇注释：
句①“中国古代四大发明”可译为“the four great inventions in ancient China”。
句②“用起来非常笨重或昂贵的东西”可译为“something heavy to use or expensive”。
句③“名叫蔡伦”可译为过去分词短语，做后置定语，修饰official。“既适于书写有非常便宜的”可译为which引导的定语从句。
句④“经由丝绸之路”可译为via the Silk Road，做方式状语。
句⑤“方便了……”可译为provide a convenient way for…。
热点演练6
①扇子在中国有三四千年的悠久历史。②一开始，扇子并不是用于降温，而是用来为外出视察的帝王遮阳和挡沙。③经过几千年的发展，扇子有了几百种，比如常见的有折扇、羽毛扇、绢扇等。④在历史上，中国生产的扇子被卖到日本、欧洲和美国，在这些地方中国扇对当地扇子生产和宫廷典礼产生了一定的影响。
①Fans enjoy a long history of about 3 to 4 thousand years in China.②Fans，original-ly，were not used for cooling，but for shelte-ring from the sun and keeping off sands for emperors during their outgoing inspections.③After several thousand years of development，fans were developed into several hundred types，like common ones as folding fans，feather fans and silk fans，etc.④In history，fans made in China were sold to Japan，Europe and America，where Chinese fans exerted certain influences on the local fan-production and palace rites.
主题：中国传统文化——扇子
难点及词汇注释：
句①为了使句子表达更有新意，在翻译“有……历史”时，除了has a history of…，还可以用enjoy一词。
句②“而”表明，本句应使用but连接目的状语；“遮阳”可译为“shelter from the sun”；“挡沙”可译为“keep off sands”。
句④中“在这些地方”提示，此处可用where引导定语从句，来修饰其前提到的地点。
热点演练7
①20世纪80年代，自行车在中国人的日常生活中是不可或缺的，也是当时重要的交通工具，为此我国有了“自行车王国”的绰号。②但近几年，中国几乎所有主要城市的自行车数量都已急剧下降。③自1995年到2005年，中国自行车大军缩减了35%，从6.7亿减至4.35亿。④自行车持有量从每户1.9辆减至每户1.1辆。⑤导致这一变化的部分原因可能是电动自行车数量的增长。
①In the 1980s，bicycles in China were indispensable in everyday life and were an important means of transportation，earning the country the nickname“the kingdom of bicycles”.②But in recent years，the number of bicycles has declined dramatically in nearly all of China’s major cities.③Between 1995 and 2005，China’s bike fleet reduced by 35 percent，from 670 million to 435 million.④And bicycle ownership fell from 1.9 to 1.1 bicycles per household.⑤The difference can partially be explained by the growing number of electric bicycles.
主题：中国社会发展——自行车数量的下降
难点及词汇注释：
句①中，表示“不可或缺的”可以用形容词indispensable或vital，也可以译成an essential part；“为此”表明后面内容是前面内容导致的结果，为了更准确、简洁地表达出前后的逻辑衔接关系，我们使用了earn一词，并将其处理成现在分词短语，来表结果，即earning…，earning后面使用了双宾语。
句②中，in recent years与现在完成时连用；表示“急剧（下降）”用副词dramatically。
句③中，表示“缩减了多少”用reduce/decline by。
句⑤中，“导致……的部分原因可能是”我们将其译成被动结构…can partially be explained/caused by…。
热点演练8
①上海是中国第一大城市，有超过两千万人口。②上海位于中国海岸线中部的长江口，拥有中国最大的外贸港口和最大的工业基地。③上海也是一座著名的旅游地，具有深厚的文化底蕴和众多的历史古迹。④上海在2010年成功举办了世界博览会。⑤如今的上海已经发展成为一个闪耀全球的国际化大都市，正致力于在2020年建设成为国际金融中心和航运中心。
①Shanghai is the largest city in China，and has a population of more than 20 million.②Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle of the China’s coastline，with the largest trade port and the largest industrial base in China.③Shanghai is also a popular tourist destination renowned for its profound cultural background and numerous historical monuments.④Shanghai hosted the World Expo in 2010 successfully.⑤Today’s Shanghai has become a globally famous international metropolis，and is aiming to be a global finance hub and shipping centre by 2020.
主题：中国社会发展——上海的发展
难点及词汇注释：
句①中，表示“有多少人口”习惯用“a population of+人口数量”。
句②中，表示“位于”可以用sit at，也可以用be located at。“上海位于……”与“（上海）拥有……”在语义上的并列关系并不明显，故最好不要译成and连接的并列句，我们可将后者译为with介词短语。
句③中，从语义上来看，“具有……”是对上海作为著名旅游目的地的进一步说明，故我们将其译成形容词短语renowned for做后置定语。
句④中，此处的“举办”是“做为东道主”之意，故我们用hosted表达。
句⑤中，“闪耀全球的”即“全球著名的”，故我们将其译为globally famous。此处的“致力于”更多是强调目标，故我们将其译为is aiming to。
热点演练9
①黄山位于中国东部安徽省黄山市境内，是中国最著名风景名胜之一。②黄山有着令人叹为观止的绮丽的自然风光。③奇松、怪石（picturesque rock）、云海、温泉并称为黄山四绝，中外闻名。④黄山的日出和日落吸引了成群的人去游览。⑤黄山有成千上百的山峰和沟壑（ravines），其中72个已经被命名。⑥1990年黄山被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列为世界文化遗产。
①The Yellow Mountain lies in Huangshan city，Anhui Province in Eastern China.It is one of the most famous scenic spots in China.②③The Yellow Mountain has breathtaking beautiful natural scenery，with the four unique scenic features of legendary pines，picturesque rock，the sea of clouds and hot springs，which enjoys a great reputation at home and abroad.④The sunrise and sunset in the Yellow Mountain draw the crowds towards there.⑤There are hundreds of peaks and thousands of ravines in the Yellow Mountain，72 of which have been named.⑥The Yellow Mountain was enlisted as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1990.
主题：中国名胜古迹——黄山
难点及词汇注释：
句①中，逗号前后内容在语义上的并列关系并不明显，故按照英文习惯，我们将其分译成两个简单句。
句②③中，表示“令人叹为观止的”用形容词breathtaking。第③句是对第②中“绮丽的自然风光”的说明，为了体现出前后紧密的关系，我们将两句进行合译，用介词with引出第四句的内容。“中外闻名”是对黄山四绝的补充说明，故译为which引导的非限制性定语从句，跟随其后。
句④中，本句中汉语的“游览”不必对应译成英文，翻译时要考虑英文表达习惯，而不要生硬地将每一个词语都译成对应的英文。
句⑤中，“其中72个……”译成which引导的非限制性定语从句，which做介词of的宾语。
热点演练10
①龙的文化存在于东西方世界中。②但龙在中国和在西方文化中的名声不同。③在西方文化中，龙是来自地狱的孽畜。④它们通常长有翅膀，口中能喷火。⑤龙深深根植在中国文化中，所以中国人经常视自己为“龙的传人”。⑥在中国文化中，龙大度、聪慧。⑦它们与古代皇室密切相连。⑧根据民间信仰，如果你在龙年出生，你会成为一名睿智、勇敢的领导者。
①Dragon culture exists in both the Eastern and the Western world.②However，dragons have different reputations in Western culture and in Chinese culture.③The Western dragons are evil animals from hell.④They usually have wings and can send out fire from their mouths.⑤Dragons are deeply rooted in Chinese culture，so the Chinese often consider themselves as“the descendants of the dragon”.⑥In Chinese culture，dragons are generous and wise.⑦They are closely connected with the ancient royal family.⑧According to the popular belief，if you were born in the year of dragon，you would be an intelligent and brave leader.
主题：中国传统文化——“龙”的文化
难点及词汇注释：
句③“孽畜”可译为“evil animals”。
句⑤“根植于”可译为“be rooted in…”；“龙的传人”可译为“the descendants of the dragon”。
句⑧“民间信仰”可译为“popular belief”。
热点演练11
①粽子是端午节的一种传统食物，其历史可以追溯到大约公元前300年。②这一节日是为了纪念爱国主义诗人屈原的死。③屈原因国家败落而投河自尽。④为避免其尸体被鱼吃掉，当地人用竹叶将米包起来，扔进河里喂鱼。⑤粽子要包得棱角分明，这代表屈原不屈的性格。⑥屈原死后，人们划船寻找他的尸体。⑦在他的家乡湖北秭归，龙舟节被看作是比春节还要盛大的活动。
①Zongzi，a traditional food people eat during the Dragon Boat Festival，has a history dating back to around 300 BC.②The festival commemorates the death of a patriotic poet Qu Yuan.③He drowned himself in a river because of the downfall of his nation.④To keep his body from being eaten by fish，locals wrapped rice in bamboo leaves and threw them into the river to feed the fish.⑤Zongzi is made to have very clear edges and angles，which is meant to resemble the unyielding character of Qu Yuan.⑥After Qu Yuan’s death，people rowed boats to look for his body.⑦In his home town Zigui in central China’s Hubei province，the Dragon Boat Festival is regarded a bigger event than the Chinese New Year.
主题：中国传统文化——端午节
难点及词汇注释：
句①中，本句包含两个句子，为了表达简洁，我们将前一句中的“端午节的一种传统食物”译成“粽子”的同位语；“追溯到……”用date back to表达，我们将其译成现在分词短语dating back to…，做history的后置定语。
句②中，“纪念”可以用动词commemorate/remember表达，也可以用介词短语in memory of表达。
句⑤中，“棱角分明”译为have clear edges and angles；后一句“这代表……”是对前一句的补充说明，我们将其处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句。
句⑦中，“比……还盛大的节日”译为比较结构a bigger festival/event than the Chinese New Year。
热点演练12
①豆腐，由大豆制成，是享誉世界的中国传统美食。②据说豆腐起源于西汉时期。③由于制作简单、价格低廉，豆腐很快成为人们喜爱的佳肴。④宋明时代后，豆腐文化传播更为广泛。⑤如今，豆腐和其衍生产品对中国人来说是一种普通食品，它还走出国门，在全世界都受到欢迎。⑥豆腐——中国传统食品——由于其高蛋白、低热量，而被普遍认为是理想食品。
①Tofu，made of soybean，is a traditional Chinese food known throughout the world.②Tofu is said to originate in the Western Han Dynasty.③Simple in production and cheap in cost，tofu soon became people’s favorite delicacy.④After the Song and Ming Dynasties，the culture of tofu spread even more widely.⑤Today，tofu with its derivative products has become a common food for Chinese people，and it has gone abroad and become popular in the whole world.⑥Tofu—the traditional Chinese food，has been universally acknowledged as an ideal food for its high protein and low heat.
主题：中国饮食文化——豆腐
难点及词汇注释：
句①“由大豆制成”可译为过去分词短语，做后置定语，修饰主语。“享誉世界的”可译为过去分词短语known throughout the world，做后置定语，修饰food。
句②“据说”可译为“be said to”。
句③“制作简单”“价格低廉”可译为“simple in production”“cheap in cost”。“佳肴”可译为“delicacy”。
句⑥“由于其高蛋白、低热量”可译为“for its high protein and low heat”。
热点演练13
①中国人就座的方式是餐桌礼仪的一个有趣部分。②你可能会感到奇怪，在中国文化中，一个典型的座位安排其实就是礼仪的象征。③因此，为了安全起见，应该把餐桌上最好的位置留给长辈。④如果餐桌是矩形的，那么长辈就会坐在桌边最短的一侧，面朝前门。⑤其他人则会按照年龄按降序顺序就座。⑥但是如果餐桌是圆的，长辈则应该坐在里面的座位。
①The way Chinese people get seated is an interesting part of the table manners.②It might surprise you that a typical seating arrangement is a sign of etiquettes in the Chinese culture.③Therefore，it is ensured to leave the best place on the dining table to the elders.④If the dining table is rectangular，the elder member sits on the shortest side with his face towards the front door.⑤The rest of the people would get seated in the descending order of their ages.⑥However，if you are dining on a round table，the elder member should be seated on the inside seat.
主题：中国传统文化——餐桌礼仪
难点及词汇注释：
句①“餐桌礼仪”可译为“table manners”。
句②“在中国文化中……”可译为surprise真正的主语。
句③可译为“it is ensured to…”的形式。
句④“面朝前门”可译为with his face towards the front door，做伴随状语。
句⑤“按照年龄按降序”可译为“in the descending order of their ages”。
热点演练14
①中国烹饪文化又被称作中国饮食文化，是中国文化中有关烹饪和休闲的重要组成部分。②中国烹饪文化就和中国的历史一样神秘莫测。③中国的美食也因为长期向世界其他地区广泛传播而享誉全球。④世界各国著名的唐人街也首先因其中国美食服务而为人所知。⑤现在，中国美食在世界各个角落都能轻松找到，也成为一种令人印象深刻的和有影响力的中国文化的象征。
①Chinese cuisine culture also called Chinese food culture is an important part of Chinese culture in the aspect of cooking and leisure.②Chinese cuisine culture goes mysterious as the history of China goes.③Chinese food also has a worldwide reputation due to its long-term spread from China to the other regions of the world.④The famous China Towns in different countries are firstly known by their special service of Chinese food.⑤Currently，Chinese food is easily found in every corner of the world，and it has become an impressive and influential symbol of Chinese culture.
主题：中国传统文化——中国饮食文化
难点及词汇注释：
句①“又被称作中国饮食文化”可译为过去分词短语，做后置定语，修饰cuisine culture。“有关……”可译为“in the aspect of…”。
句③“因为长期向世界其他地区广泛传播”可译为“due to its long-term spread from China to the other regions of the world”。
句④“唐人街”可译为“China Town”。
句⑤可用and连接前后两个分句。“令人印象深刻的”可译为“impressive”。
热点演练15
①元宵节的起源必定跟古代人们使用火来庆祝节日、躲避灾难有关。②元宵节活动包括祭祀神明，且是在晚上庆祝，所以很自然地，火就扮演了很重要的角色。③随着时间的流逝，元宵节逐渐演变为今天的形式。④东汉时期，佛教传入中国，皇帝下令，在正月第一个满月的晚上，必须点亮灯笼敬佛，这也使元宵节更增添了一份意义。
①It is sure that the origins of Lantern Festival are related to ancient humanity’s use of fire to celebrate festivals and avert disasters.Since Lantern Festival involves making offerings to the deities and it is celebrated at night，it is natural that fire would play an important role.Over time，Lantern Festival gradually evolved into its present form.When Buddhism was introduced to China during the Eastern Han Dynasty，the emperor decreed that on the night of the full moon of the first lunar month，lanterns should be lit to honor Buddha，adding yet another level of significance to Lantern Festival.
主题：中国传统文化——元宵节
难点及词汇注释：
句①“必定”可译为“It is sure that…”；“躲避灾难”可译为“avert disaster”。
句②“祭祀”可译为“make offerings to…”。“所以”提示“元宵节活动包括……”应译为原因状语从句，可用since引导。“很自然地……”可译为“it is natural that…”句型。
句③“随着时间的流逝”可译为“over time”；“演变为”可译为“evolve into…”。
句④“正月”可译为“the first lunar month”。“这也使元宵节更增添了一份意义”可译为伴随状语“adding yet another level of significance to Lantern Festival”。
热点演练16
①不可否认，在整个中国历史中，孝心一直是中国文化的主要奠基石，植根于中国人民的内心中。②但是，在当今社会中，由于激烈竞争，许多人不管自愿还是被迫，往往会将更多的精力和时间用在创业以及攀爬社会经济阶梯上。③然而，人们应该努力在家庭和工作中保持平衡。④如果一个人有意愿，那么即使不能定期，但经常探望和照顾父母也是可能实现的事。
①It is undeniable that throughout Chinese history，filial piety has been a major cornerstone of the Chinese culture，and has taken its root in the hearts of the Chinese people.②However，given the fierce competition in society，many people，voluntarily or forcibly，tend to put more energy and time to build their career and climb up the socio-economic ladder.③Nevertheless，people have to make efforts to maintain a balance between family and work.④Visiting frequently and taking care of parents，if not regularly，is possible if one has the will to do so.
主题：中国传统文化——孝心
难点及词汇注释：
句①“不可否认……”可译为“It is undeniable that…”句型。“奠基石”可译为“cornerstone”。
句②“不管自愿还是被迫”可译为独立状语“voluntarily or forcibly”。“社会经济阶梯”可译为“socio-economic ladder”。
句④“那么即使不能定期”可译为“if not regularly”，做插入语。
热点演练17
①在中国，不同的民族有不同的婚俗。②传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6个必备步骤，即说媒、定亲、聘礼（betrothal presents）、迎娶、拜堂（three bows）、喝交杯酒（wedlock wine）。③如今一个典型的中国婚礼一般是新人先订婚，然后挑选吉日成亲。④大部分人会挑选节假日以便亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。⑤不过，有一些人，尤其是居住在农村的一些人很有可能会请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日，通常是双日子，这样就是双喜临门了。
①In China，different nationalities have different marriage customs.②The traditional Chinese marriage usually involves six necessary procedures，namely，match-making，engagement，betrothal presents，meeting the bride，three bows，and drinking wedlock wine.③Nowadays，a typical Chinese wedding goes like this：When a new couple is engaged，what follows is a choice of the date of their marriage.④Most people would favor a holiday or festival so that their relatives and friends could have time to attend the wedding.⑤However，quite a few others，especially those in the countryside，would probably ask a fortune-teller for a lucky date，usually an even number for the“Double Happiness”.
主题：中国传统文化——婚俗
难点及词汇注释：
句②中，汉语中的“即”可译为英语中的namely或that is，前后用逗号隔开。
句③中，描述“某种情形是什么样子”常用“…goes like this：…”句式。此处并不强调“最先做什么，然后做什么”，所以不要生硬地译为“first…，then…”的句式。
句④中，此处的“挑选”强调一种意愿，故可用favor表达。
句⑤中，此处的“一些人”是针对上一句中的大部分人而言的“另外一些人”，故我们用quite a few others表达。“通常是双日子”是对前面吉日的补充说明，我们将其译为同位语。“这样就是双喜临门了”是挑选双日子的目的，我们用介词for表达。
热点演练18
①春节是中国阴历中最重要的节日。②每年这个时候，外出务工的人们都会离开工作的工厂和城市返回家乡。③在此期间，多数大城市的商店会关门，街道上空空荡荡，这种现象证明了外来务工者对城市经济所起到的重要作用。④以往，外出务工的人们会在拼命买到火车票后，挤火车返回家乡。⑤今年中国预计会有1.45亿人乘坐火车，而5年前这一数字只有1.05亿。此外，今年还有2400万人会乘坐飞机返乡。
①The New Year is the most important holiday in the Chinese calendar.②At this time of year，migrant workers leave the factories and cities where they work to return home.③During that time，shops are closed and streets are empty in most major cities，which is a testament to that role that migrants play in the urban economy.④Migrants traditionally return home by packing into trains，after having battled to secure tickets.⑤This year，China expects 145 million people to travel by rail，compared with just 105 million five years ago.In addition，24 million people will travel by air this year.
主题：中国传统习俗——回家过年
难点及词汇注释：
句①中，表示“中国阴历”用Chinese（lunar）calendar，lunar可以不加。
句②中，表示“外出务工的人们”用migrant workers。
句③中，这里的“关门”不是真正的停业，故用locked and boarded up表达更形象准确；“这种现象证明了……”可直接译成名词短语作同位语，即a testament to the role…/a proof to show the role…。
句④中，本句说的是传统的返乡模式，故“以往”可译作副词traditionally；“拼命买到火车票”的动作发生在“挤火车回家”之前，故译作现在分词的完成式having battled to…；“挤火车”可译作pack into/crowd into trains。
句⑤中，表示“与5年前的数字相比”用过去分词短语compared with…。
热点演练19
①中国大陆性季风气候（monsoonal climate）显著，气候具有多样性的特征。②夏季高温多雨，冬季寒冷干燥，四季分明。③从九月到第二年的四月，来自西伯利亚和蒙古的寒冷干燥的冬季季风（monsoons）随着向中国的南部移动而逐渐减弱。④这些季风使得冬季寒冷干燥，温差极大。⑤夏季季风从四月持续到九月。⑥来自海洋的温暖湿润的夏季季风带来丰富的降雨和高温。⑦夏季南方和北方的温度没有太大差异。
①China has a marked continental monsoonal climate characterized by great variety.②It is hot and rainy in summer，while in winter it is cold and dry.The four seasons are quite distinct.③From September to April of the following year，the cold and dry winter monsoons from Siberia and Mongolia gradually become weak as they reach the southern part of the country，④resulting in cold and dry winters and great difference in temperature.⑤The summer monsoons last from April to September.⑥The warm and moist summer monsoons from the oceans bring abundant rainfall and high temperatures.⑦There is little difference in temperature between the south and the north in summer.
主题：中国气候环境——大陆性季风气候
难点及词汇注释：
句①中，将“显著”译为定语（marked）而不是表语，更符合该句要表达的意思和英语表达习惯。“多样性的特征”译为过去分词短语做climate的后置定语，注意characterize“以……为特征”一词的用法。
句②中，夏季和冬季的气候特点形成对比，用while来连接。“四季分明”意思比较独立，故单独译成一句。
句③中，表示“随着……”用as引导时间状语从句。
句④中，“这些季风”即上一句中提到的冬季季风，为了表达上的简洁和衔接紧密，我们将③④两句合译成一句，直接将第④句译为现在分词短语resulting in…，表示前后的因果关系。“冬季寒冷干燥”和“温差极大”没有生搬硬套汉语结构，而是译成并列的名词短语，使得表达更加简洁并符合英语表达习惯。
句⑦中，注意不要生硬地按照汉语结构将“南方和北方的温度”译为主语，此处译为there be句型。
热点演练20
①启动更多的国际交流项目，把中国大学生送去国外参加文化和教育交流是大势所趋。②这是中国国际化的一部分。③随着全球经济一体化的发展，大学生需要意识到具备全球化视角的重要性。④越来越多国际交流项目使得国内大学生有机会去体验异国文化，尽管许多学生不得不离开各自的“舒适区”，但这种经历却十分令人难忘。⑤与此同时，中国也从日益频繁的思想、知识和文化交流中获益匪浅。
①It is inevitable to have more international exchange programs that send students from Chinese universities abroad to engage in cultural and educational exchanges.②This is a part of China’s internationaliza-tion.③With the increasingly integrated global economy，it’s sensible for university students to acquire a global view.④More and more programs send students abroad to get a taste of foreign culture，although many students have to leave their“comfort zone”.The experience is memorable.⑤At the same time，China is also getting the benefits from the increased exchange of ideas，knowledge and culture.
主题：中国社会热点——国际交流
难点及词汇注释：
句①“国际交流项目”是“把中国大学生送去国外参加文化和教育交流”的逻辑主语，可将后者译为定语从句，对主语进行修饰，进一步说明主语。“……是大势所趋”可译为“It is inevitable to…”；“参加……”可译为“engage in…”。
句②“国际化”可译为internationalization。
句③“经济一体化”可译为“integrated global economy”。(https://www.daowen.com)
句④“越来越多国际交流项目……”是“许多学生……”的背景，在翻译时可将其处理为伴随状语with…；“舒适区”可译为“comfort zone”；“难忘的”可译为“memorable”。
句⑤“从……中获益”可译为“benefit from…”。
热点演练21
①谈到中国美食时，不能不说说筷子，因为筷子是吃饭的重要工具。②随着文明意识的发展，筷子在3000多年前就诞生了。③所以筷子也被西方人称为是“东方文明”。④如今，筷子不仅仅是吃饭工具。⑤根据国外研究来看，筷子还能帮助人们在进食时锻炼肌肉，开发大脑。⑥同时，筷子还有不同的材质，并以精美的设计进行装饰，因此也被看作一种艺术品，常常当作礼物来赠送。
①When it comes to Chinese food，chopsticks can never be missed，since they are important tools for eating.②With the development of civilization awareness，the tool was invented 3，000 years ago.③So chopsticks are also described by westerners as“Oriental Civilization”.④Nowadays，chopsticks are not simply tools for meals.⑤According to foreign studies，chopsticks can help people exercise their muscles and develop their brains while eating.⑥Meanwhile，being made of different materials and decorated with beautiful designs，chopsticks are seen as a kind of artwork，and are sent as gifts frequently.
主题：中国传统文化——筷子
难点及词汇注释：
句①汉语中“提到……；谈到……”常用句型when it comes to…来表达。
句②“文明意识”可译为“civilization awareness”。
句③“东方文明”可译为“oriental civilization”。
句⑥“筷子还有不同的材质，并以精美的设计进行装饰”可翻译成状语“made of…and decorated with…”，表示状态。
热点演练22
①中国的高等教育正面临着一个困境，夹在职业教育与学术教育之间进退两难。②为了实现工业与科技高速腾飞的理想，我国现如今对于受教育工人的需求量很大。③与此同时，教育模式却仍停留在传统，甚至是有些过时的水平。④这意味着，大学毕业生们在一个看重职业技能的就业市场里苦苦挣扎。
①China’s higher education is now facing a dilemma.②It is caught between professional and academic education.③The country now needs a great number of well-educated workers to serve its expanding industrial and technological ambitions.④At the same time，the education model retains its traditional，even outdated approach，meaning graduates struggle in a market that emphasizes professional skills.
主题：中国社会热点——高等教育的困境
难点及词汇注释：
句①分析句意可知，“夹在职业教育与学术教育之间进退两难”虽然从结构上看似是“中国的高等教育正面临着一个困境”的并列句，但其实它是对“困境”解释，可以用that引导同位语从句，如…dilemma that it is caught…，也可以将该句拆分为两个独立的句子。
句②“为了……”表示目的，可以翻译为不定式短语to serve…ambitions。“实现……理想”也可以表达为“realize the dream of…”。
句④中的“这……”表明，其后内容是句③造成的结果，可将两句话合译为一句。在具体处理时，可以将句④译为which引导的定语从句，也可以将其译为动名词短语，做结果状语。“停留”可译为“retain”；“苦苦挣扎”可译为“struggle”。
热点演练23
①中国的水资源非常丰富，在世界上排名第四位。②尽管如此，由于中国人口众多，所以人均水资源仅为世界人均水资源的四分之一。③中国是全球人均水资源最贫乏的国家之一。④由于中国现在正在迅速发展，水污染问题十分严重。⑤很多河流和湖泊都被污染了。⑥此外，由于中国是典型的季风性气候，秋冬季节特别容易发生旱灾。⑦因此，保护水资源十分重要。
①China’s water resources are very rich，and can rank Number Four in the world.②However，since China has a large population，its per capita resources are just one fourth of those of the world.③China is one of the countries that are seriously short of water all over the world.④As China is on the way of fast development，the water pollution is very serious.⑤Many rivers and lacks have been polluted.⑥Besides，China has a marked continental monsoonal climate.Therefore，droughts often happen in autumn and winter times.⑦So，it is very important to protect the water resources.
主题：中国社会发展——水资源
难点及词汇注释：
句②中，“尽管如此”表示前后是转折关系，用however表达即可。此处的原因是既定的事实原因，因此用since引出最为恰当。表示人口“多”一般用large。“世界人均水资源”译为those of the world，用those代指前面出现过的per capita resources，避免重复。
句③中，此处的“最贫乏”并不真的强调“之最”，因此不需要译成最高级，只要体现出“严重缺乏”的程度即可，故我们用短语be seriously short of来表达。
句④中，此处的“由于……”并不是表示必然的因果联系，且位于句首，故我们用as来表达。本句中的“正在”并不强调动作的进行，而是表示中国目前的发展状态，故我们没有使用进行时态，而是用短语on the way来表达。
句⑥中，此处更强调的是事情的结果，即容易发生旱灾，故我们没有译成原因状语从句，而是用副词therefore来引出结果。“秋冬季节特别容易发生旱灾”翻译时要根据英语习惯调整语序。
句⑦中，表示“被誉为”可以用be honored as，也可以用be regarded as或be known as。
热点演练24
①“睡眠证书”——这是中国年轻白领新造的一个新词，是指一个人经过短期的培训所考取的证书，而这些证书在职场中到底能发挥多大作用却是一个未知数。②一些专家认为有必要“唤醒”这些证书并利用其增加求职机会。③但也有人认为，这些证书未必对职业发展有帮助，因为很多持有证书的人都缺乏相关工作经验，而这些经验才是应聘单位更为看重的。
①“Sleeping certificate”—a new term created by young Chinese white-collar workers，refers to the certificates earned from short-term training programs that hold dubious significance in the professional world.②Some experts say it’s necessary to“wake up”these certificates and make use of them to bolster one’s job-hunting prospects.③Others，however，think the certificates won’t necessarily come in handy for career development since most certificate holders lack relevant working experiences，which are more highlighted by employers.
主题：中国社会热点——证书是否对求职有作用
难点及词汇注释：
句①的主干结构为“睡眠证书是指一个人经过短期的培训所考取的证书”；破折号后的内容是“睡眠证书”的同位语；“而这些证书……”则可译作“睡眠证书”的定语从句。“中国年轻白领创造的”可译为过去分词短语，做后置定语，修饰“新词”。
句③“有帮助”可以译为help，但为了体现译者较高的词汇水平，可译为come in handy，译为“派得上用处”。“而这些经验……”可译为“工作经验”的定语从句；“看重”可译为“highlight”。
热点演练25
①中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。②这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念——圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。③盘子通常放在桌子的中央，这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。④一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。⑤最近一位美国汉学家的著作认为，中国人的集体观念就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。
①Chinese like to eat together，which is a tradition that can be traced back in a long time ago.②It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables，round dishes，and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection.③Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them.④A pot of hot soup，in particular，adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union.⑤A recent book written by an American sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out of practice of eating together.
主题：中国传统文化——就餐习惯
难点及词汇注释：
句①“这个传统……”修饰“中国人……”，可译为which引导的非限制性定语从句。“追溯到”可译为“trace back”。
句②“……的观念”可译为“notion of+名词（短语）”的形式；“观念”的定语“喜欢团圆、不愿分离”可译为“liking union and hating separation/division”，但这种表达并不地道，可译为“union versus division”。
句③“这样……”是前一句的结果，可译为so that…引导的结果状语从句。
句④“增加”可译为“add to”。
热点演练26
①传统中国绘画是一门独特的艺术，无论是风格还是技巧都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。②传统的日本绘画可能算是例外，但是不要忘了，它是深受中国文化影响的。③中国人绘画采用毛笔蘸墨汁或颜料，灵巧地挥洒在纸上。④画家用深、浅、浓、淡的点和线构成一幅图画。⑤在优秀画家的手里，毛笔和墨汁不仅是绘画的工具，也是画家艺术追求的象征。
①Traditional Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of art，which is widely different from any other art schools in the world，no matter in style or in techniques.②Traditional Japanese art may be the only exception，but it has to be remembered that it has been heavily influenced by the Chinese culture.③The Chinese do paintings with brushes，dipping them in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding them on paper.④Painters produce pictures with lines and dots—some heavy，some light，some deep，and some pale.⑤In the hands of a good painter，brushes and ink are not only tools for drawing pictures，but also the symbol of his or her art pursuit.
主题：中国传统文化——中国传统绘画
难点及词汇注释：
句①“无论……”的逻辑主语是“独特的艺术”，在翻译时，可将其译为which引导的定语从句；“与……迥然不同”可译为“be widely different from…”。“一门”与“门类”在此处是指“（艺术）流派”，可译为“school”。
句②“不要忘了”在汉语中是祈使句，但如果翻译成英语的祈使句则会使句子结构显得不伦不类，所以应将其转译为“it is important to remember…”或“it has to be remembered…”。
句③“蘸墨汁或颜料”的逻辑主语是“毛笔”，在翻译时可将其处理为现在分词短语，做伴随状语，描述“使用毛笔”的动作。“灵巧地……”动作发生在“采用毛笔蘸墨汁或颜料”的动作之后，在翻译时可添加表示时间先后的副词“then”。
句④“深、浅、浓、淡”为修饰“点和线”的形容词，在翻译主干成分时可不予考虑，将其处理为独立的修饰成分。
句⑤“不仅……也是……”可译为“not only…but also…”。
热点演练27
①秧歌舞是中国的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。②秧歌舞者通常穿上多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。③在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。④近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。
①Yangko，which is usually performed in northern provinces，is one of the traditional folk dances in China.②The dancers usually wear colorful costumes，and the performance actions are powerful and rapid.③During some festivals such as Spring Festival and Lantern Festival，on hearing the drums，people will flock to the street to appreciate the Yangko，no matter how cold it is.④In recent years，the old people in cities of north-eastern China voluntarily organized the team of Yangko，so that they could keep healthy and acquire happiness from performing it.
主题：中国传统文化——秧歌舞
难点及词汇注释：
句①“通常在北方省份表演”在翻译时可处理为前一句的定语从句，由which引导。
句②由两个独立的句子构成，可译为and连接的并列句。“有力迅速”可译为“powerful and rapid”。
句③“锣鼓声”可译为“drum”；“蜂拥到……”可译为“flock to…”。
句④“自发”可译为“voluntarily”。
热点演练28
①每逢新春佳节，吃饺子已经成为中国的习俗。②究其原因，首先是因为饺子形如金元宝，人们在春节吃饺子取“招财进宝”之意；二是饺子有馅，便于人们把各种吉祥的东西包到馅里，以寄托人们对新的一年的祈望。③人们常常将花生、枣和栗子等包进馅里。④吃到花生的人将健康长寿，吃到枣和栗子的人将早生贵子。
①It’s a Chinese custom to eat dumplings during the Spring Festivals.②The first reason for it is that dumplings are shaped like gold ingots.People eat dumplings during the Spring Festivals in the hope of bringing in wealth and treasures.③The second reason is that dumplings are stuffed with fillings，allowing people to put a variety of auspicious things into it，and in this way people pin their hopes for the next year.④People often put peanuts，Chinese dates and chestnuts inside the dumplings.⑤Those who eat peanuts will be healthy and live a long life；those who eat Chinese dates and chestnuts will have a baby soon.
主题：中国传统文化——饺子
难点及词汇注释：
句①“每逢新春佳节”是指“在每年的春节”，可译为“during the Spring Festivals”。
句②本句由分号连接两个并列的句子，因句子过长，可以分号为界，将其拆分为两个句子。第一个句子中，“人们在春节……”是对前一句的解释说明，可译为which引导的定语从句，修饰“饺子”。“形如……”可译为“be shaped like…”；“招财进宝”中“招”和“进”可译为同一个英语单词bring。第二个句子中“便于……”表示“饺子有馅”的目的，可译为现在分词短语做伴随状语allowing people…。“寄托……的祈望”可译为“pin hopes for…”。
句④包含两个句子，可用and连接，也可用分号连接。“吃到花生的”和“吃到枣和栗子的”均为修饰其前“人”的定语，可将其译为who引导的定语从句。
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①中国人春节张贴门神像是一项重要的风俗。②门神像就是张贴在屋内屋外门上的神灵的画像。③人们希望它们能驱鬼、保护家人、带来平安和吉祥。④胖娃娃的图画通常被认为是屋内的门神，意味着好运、长寿和人丁兴旺。⑤大门的门神有几种不同的形式，最早的门神是神荼和郁垒。⑥如今，最常见的门神是元朝时期流行起来的秦叔宝和尉迟恭。
①It is an important custom for Chinese to put up the pictures of door gods during the Spring Festival.②The pictures of door gods are images of deities posted on the door outside and inside the house.③They are expected to keep ghosts away，protect the family and bring peace and good fortune.④The image of a chubby baby is usually considered as an inside-room door god，symbolizing good luck，longevity and fertility.⑤The main door gods come in several different forms，with the earliest ones being Shen Shu and Yu Lei.⑥Nowadays，the most common door gods are Qin Shubao and Yuchi Gong，who became popular during the Yuan Dynasty.
主题：中国传统文化——贴门神
难点及词汇注释：
句①“中国人春节张贴门神像”是句子主语，但译为英语时则显得主语过长，句子结构不协调，所以可用it做形式主语；“是……的风俗”可译为“be a custom to…”。
句②“张贴在屋内屋外门上的”做定语，修饰“神灵的画像”，根据二者的关系可知，此处应译为过去分词短语posted on…，做后置定语。
句③“人们”在本句中是泛指，并不是强调的对象，所以根据英语的表达习惯，可将该句译为被动语态。“驱鬼”可译为“keep ghosts away”。
句④“意味着……”在句中表示伴随，可译为现在分词短语symbolizing…。
句⑥“元朝时期流行起来的”可处理为who引导的定语从句，修饰“秦叔宝和尉迟恭”。
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①汉字（Chinese characters）是世界上最古老的文字之一，也是使用者最多的文字。②汉字大约有6万个，但常用的基本汉字只有6000个左右。③据权威专家估计，汉字有5000多年的历史，最初源于记录事情的图片。④从古至今，汉字的形式和结构发生了很大改变。⑤历史上，汉字被朝鲜、日本、越南等国借鉴，因此也促进了国际交流。
①The Chinese characters are one of the oldest characters in the world，and they also have the most users.②There are about 60，000 Chinese characters，with only about 6，000 basic ones being often used.③As authorities estimated，Chinese characters have a history of over 5，000 years，and they originated from pictures for keeping records.④From ancient to modern times，the forms and structures of Chinese characters have changed much.⑤In history，Chinese characters were borrowed by Korea，Japan and Vietnam，thereby improving international communication.
主题：中国传统文化——汉字
难点及词汇注释：
句①“是……也是……”表示并列关系，在翻译时，可用and连接两个分句。
句②“基本汉字”可译为“basic Chinese characters”，但其前一句话中已出现了“汉字”，为了简洁起见，可用basic ones来代替。
句③“最初……”的主干成分是“源于图片”，“记录事情”是“图片”的定语，表明“图片”的作用，所以可译为“for”引导的介词短语for keeping records。
句⑤“借鉴”可译为“borrow”。“因此……”做结果状语，可译为thereby…。
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①风水是中国建筑中的一个特殊的传统，是古人对空间的布置与安排方法，其目的是为了体现建筑与环境的和谐共存。②风水的字面意思就是“风和水”。③风水通常将选址、设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修的整个过程联系在一起。④它反对人对自然的破坏，强调人与环境的共处，这种状态被称为是完美的、神秘的。
①Fengshui，a special Chinese tradition in architecture，is the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve coexistence in harmony with the environment.②Fengshui is literally translated as“wind and water”.③It usually links the whole process from site selection，designing，construction to interior and exterior decoration.④It rejects human destruction of nature and stresses cohabitation with the environment，which is regarded as perfect and mysterious.
主题：中国传统文化——风水
难点及词汇注释：
句①“是中国建筑中的一个特殊的传统”可译为“风水”的同位语a special Chinese tradition in architecture。“其目的是……”可译为不定式短语“to…”。
句②“字面意思”可译为“be literally translated as”。
句③该句的主干结构为“风水将整个过程联系在一起”，翻译时抓住这一条主线即可。“将选址、设计、建筑直到内部和外部装修”可译为“过程”的定语，其中包含“从……到……”的结构，可译为“from…to…”。
句④“这种状态……”是对其前内容的解释说明，可译为which引导的非限制性定语从句进行修饰。
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①中国是诗的国度。②尤其到了唐代，中国古典诗歌进入了全盛时期。③唐代三百年间，涌现出大批优秀诗人和杰出的诗歌作品。④唐代诗歌数量极多，题材广泛，意象和风格多样化，出现大量思想性和艺术性完美结合的作品，真正是一个诗歌的黄金时代。⑤唐诗是中国人的千古绝唱。⑥唐代的伟大诗人不胜枚举，其中以李白、杜甫、王维的诗歌所蕴含的中国文化的意味和情趣，最具代表性。
①China is a country of poetry.②Especially in the Tang Dynasty，Chinese classical poetry reaches its heyday.③During the three hundred years of the Tang Dynasty， a large number of excellent poets and outstanding poems mushroomed.④Poetry of the Tang Dynasty features large quantities，broad themes and diversified images and styles，and many masterpieces with perfect combination of great thoughts and artistry emerged，which presents us a golden age of Chinese classical poetry.⑤Poetry of the Tang Dynasty is Chinese eternal legacies.⑥Li Bai，Du Fu，Wang Wei are the representatives of great poets of the Tang Dynasty with the unique meaning and temperament of Chinese culture in their poems.
主题：中国传统文化——诗歌
难点及词汇注释：
句②“进入全盛时期”可译为“reach its heyday”。
句③“涌现出”可译为“mushroom”。
句④“数量极多”“题材广泛”“意象和风格多样化”均是唐代诗歌的特点，可增译“feature”一词。“多样化”可译为“diversified”；“……的完美结合”可译为“perfect combination of…”。“真正是一个诗歌的黄金时代”是对其前句子的补充说明，可译为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
句⑤“千古绝唱”可译为“eternal legacy”。
句⑥该句的主干结构为“唐代不胜枚举的伟大诗人中，李白、杜甫、王维最具代表性”，翻译时抓住这一条主线即可。
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①茶原产于中国。②四千多年前，中国人就开始有饮茶的习惯了。③唐代时，日本的僧人从中国引入茶种，与同样是引入的禅宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。④17世纪时，荷兰商人将中国人饮茶的习惯带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统。⑤在19世纪之前，世界各地饮用的茶叶都来自中国。⑥英文中茶叶的读音就是根据福建方言中茶的读音而来的。⑦茶，是中国人对世界的重要贡献。
①Tea is originally produced in China.②Ancient Chinese people formed a habit of tea drinking about 4，000 years ago.③During the Tang Dynasty，Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan from china，and combined with Zen Buddhism which was also introduced to Japan，so the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony was created.④In the 17th century，Dutch businessmen took the Chinese habit of tea drinking to Europe，thus forming the European custom of tea drinking.⑤Before the 19th century，all the tea in the world came from China.⑥The pronunciation of“tea”in English is derived from Fujian dialect.⑦Tea is an important contribution made by the Chinese people to the world.
主题：中国传统文化——茶
难点及词汇注释：
句③本句以“形成了……”为界，其前句子是“形成了……”产生的前提，所以在翻译时可用so连接句子。“与同样是……”做后置定语，修饰“茶种”，根据二者之间的关系可译为过去分词短语combined with…。
句④“进而……”表示结果，可译为现在分词短语forming…。
句⑥“根据……而来”可译为“derive from…”。
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①在上海、北京、南京、广州等许多城市中，穿着唐装的时髦女子成为一道美丽的风景线。②传统唐装做工细致，色彩艳丽，充满了戏剧化、贵族化气息。③前些年唐装还大多是明星、要人在极正式场合的衣着，普通人可能只在婚礼上才穿。④不过，现在开始流行的唐装，在概念上已经有所变化：颜色更加柔和，款式更加随意，价格更加便宜。⑤唐装正朝年轻化、休闲化、大众化、便利化发展。
①In Shanghai，Beijing，Nanjing，Guangzhou and many other cities，fashionable women wear a traditional Chinese garment，making them a beautiful scenery.②Traditional Chinese garments，with their exquisite craftsmanship and rich colors，are both dramatic and aristocratic.③They were，in earlier years，worn only as formal dress by stars and important figures，and they might be only available to ordinary people in their weddings.④However，the traditional Chinese garment being in fashion now has conceptually been changed The color is gentler，the style more free and the pricelower than before.⑤It is becoming young and informal in style，and serving the ordinary people in a convenient way.
主题：中国传统文化——唐装
难点及词汇注释：
句①该句主干结构为“女子成为一道美丽的风景线”，翻译时抓住这一条主线即可。“穿着唐装的”可译为现在分词短语wearing…，做后置定语，修饰“女子”。“风景线”可译为“scenery line”。
句②“做工细致，色彩艳丽”描述的是“唐装”的特点，可将其译为with引导的状语with their exquisite craftsmanship and rich colors。
句③“要人”是指“重要的人”，可译为“important figures”。
句④“现在开始流行的”可译为现在分词短语，做定语，修饰“唐装”。“流行的”可译为“in fashion”。
句⑤句中四个“……化”看似是一致的，实际上前两个是指唐装的风格，后两个指的是服务的人群与方式，因此应分开处理，翻译时要增译“服务”一词，“大众化”也就是指普通人可以穿唐装，故可译为serving the ordinary people。
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①铜鼓文化是远古时代在包括长江以南到东南亚的广阔地区流行的一种典型文化代表。②在古代，铜鼓多用于祭神、征战和喜庆活动。③在祭神时，它是神圣的法器；在节日里，它是最激动人心的打击乐器；征战时，它又成为号令军队的振作士气的军乐器。④铜鼓给人们带来的不仅是精神层面的东西，它还有重要的实用价值。⑤许多少数民族依然保持着在传统节日及婚娶和丧葬等场合使用铜鼓的习俗。
①The bronze drum was typically a kind of culture in the wide area ranging from South of Yangtze River in China to other regions of Southeast Asia in ancient times.②More often than not，it was used on such occasions as sacrifice ceremonies to gods，launching ceremonies for the war and festival activities.③It was sacred artifact on the sacrifice ceremonies，exciting percussion instrument in festivals，military musical instrument transmitting orders to soldiers and reviving the morale in the war.④In addition to its spiritual content，the bronze drum also benefits people with its important value of practical use.⑤Many minority groups still adopt the tradition of playing bronze drums on the occasions of traditional festivals，wedding ceremony，funeral ceremony，etc.
主题：中国传统文化——铜鼓
难点及词汇注释：
句①本句的主干为“铜鼓文化是一种典型文化代表”，在翻译时应抓住这一主要线索。“在包括长江以南到东南亚的广阔地区”中“广阔地区”是核心词，其他则为该词的修饰语，可译为现在分词短语ranging from…to…。
句③是三个结构相似的小分句，主语是一致的，都是“铜鼓”，因而将其整合成一个句子即可。“在祭祀”“在节日里”“征战时”可译作时间状语。“号令军队……”可译为现在分词短语，修饰“军乐器”。
句④“不仅……还有……”可译为“not only…but also…”，也可译为in addition to…。
热点演练36
①在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚就是人们所说的文房四宝。②作为文化艺术工具，文房四宝以其独特性催生了汉字特有的书法艺术，也促使中国画形成了独特风格。③文房四宝不仅有实用价值，其本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐渐发展成为收藏品。④文房四宝种类繁多，选材制作不断趋于完善精美，历代都有名品名匠产生。⑤文房四宝在中国的书法、绘画、收藏等活动中，起着不可替代的作用。
①In China，the Four Treasures of the Study refers to brush，ink，paper and ink stone.②As tools for culture and art，the Four Treasures of the Study，with their unique attributes，promoted the emergence of the unique art of calligraphy of Chinese character，as well as the formation of unique artistic style of Chinese painting.③They not only have pragmatic functions，but also become the works of art for appreciation and gradually for collection.④There is a large variety of these four treasures.⑤Material selecting and making process have become increasingly delicate and perfect.⑥Each dynasty in Chinese history sees famous craftsmen appear and works produced.⑦Now，the Four Treasures of the Study still plays an irreplaceable role in the field of Chinese calligraphy，painting and collection.
主题：中国传统文化——文房四宝
难点及词汇注释：
句①主语是“笔、墨、纸、砚”，但在翻译成英语时，应注意灵活变换，将“文房四宝”作为主语。
句②“以其独特性”是对“文房四宝”的描述，可译为with引导的状语，即with their unique attributes。
句③“文房四宝”与上文重复，可用they指代。“实用价值”可译为“pragmatic function”。
句④由三个小短句构成，但各自独立，可将其拆译为三个独立的简单句。
句⑤“起着不可替代的作用”可译为“play an irreplaceable role in…”。
热点演练37
①当今社会，客来敬茶已经成为人们日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往来礼仪。②上茶时应以右手端茶，从客人的右方奉上，并面带微笑。③当然，喝茶的客人也要以礼还礼，双手接过，点头致谢。④另外，可适当称赞主人茶好。⑤总之，敬茶是国人礼仪中待客的一种日常礼节，也是社会交往的一项内容。⑥它不仅是对客人、朋友的尊敬，也能体现自己的修养。
①Nowadays，offering tea to guests has become common etiquette in daily social interaction and family life.②Tea cup should be held on the right hand and offered to guests with a smile from their right side.③Of course，the guests should pay respect as well，taking over the cup with both hands and nodding to express their thanks.In addition，they could praise the tea of the owner appropriately.⑤In short，offering tea is a daily ritual of Chinese people when welcoming guests and it is also a part of social interaction.It can not only show respect to guests and friends，but also reflect your self-cultivation.
主题：中国传统文化——敬茶礼仪
难点及词汇注释：
句①“客来敬茶”可译为“offer tea to guests”。
句②“端”和“奉上”的宾语均为“茶杯”，在译为英语时，可采用被动语态。“面带微笑”可译为伴随状语with a smile。
句③“还礼”可译为“pay respect”；“双手接过，点头致谢”描述一种状态，可译为现在分词短语taking over…and nodding to…。
句⑤“待客”可译为“receive guests”。
热点演练38
①面条并不是中国饮食的专利。②在面条发明者的问题上，中国人和意大利人相争了多年。③其实面条是世界性的大众食品。④许多民族都有独特的制作方法，仅是中国面条的做法就有成百上千种。⑤面条在中国历史悠久，分布甚广。⑥面条制作简单，并根据个人的口味和地方习惯，加入不同佐料制成多种面条，并可采用多种烹调方法，因此很受消费者欢迎。
①Noodles are not exclusive to Chinese diet.②For years，there has been a heated debate on the inventor of noodles between Chinese and Italian people.③In fact，noodles are popular food around the world.④There are unique methods of making noodles in many countries，and just in China，there are hundreds of methods.⑤Noodles have a long history in China and are distributed widely.⑥They are easy to make and by adding different condiments，they can be made into the ones with different tastes，according to individual flavor and local customs.⑦Besides，noodles can be cooked by different means，so they are warmly welcomed by customers.
主题：中国传统文化——面条
难点及词汇注释：
句①“并不是……的专利”可理解为“并不是……独有的”，可译为“not exclusive to…”。
句②“相争了多年”提示，本句应使用现在完成时态。
句⑤“历史悠久”可译为“has a long history”。
句⑥句子较长，可以“并可采用……”为界，将其拆译为两个独立的句子。
热点演练39
①文化因素对旅游业的转换和可持续发展至关重要。②文化旅游有助于保持传统长存并为保护自然人文遗产提供资金，也能增进游客对于遗产的了解。③中国繁荣文化和旅游业的国家政策强调了这两个产业的联合发展。④对环境有益的文化旅游产业将会创造工作岗位，促进当地经济发展，最重要的是能满足人们的文化和精神需求。
①The cultural element is essential to the transformation and sustainable development of tourism.②Cultural tourism can help keep traditions alive and finance the protection of cultural and natural heritage，as well as increase visitor’s appreciation of that heritage.③China’s national strategies to boost the culture and tourism stressed the combined development of the two industries.④The environment-friendly cultural tourism industry will create jobs，boost local economy and most importantly meet people’s cultural and spiritual needs.
主题：中国社会热点——文化旅游
难点及词汇注释：
句①“对……至关重要”可译为“be essential to…”。
句②“保持传统长存”可译为“keep traditions alive”；“为……提供资金”可用单词finance来表达；“也能……”可用as well as…连接。
句③“繁荣文化和旅游业”可译为目的状语，做后置定语，修饰national strategies。
句④“对环境有益的”可译为“environment-friendly”。“创造……”“促进……”“满足……”为并列的谓语，可用and连接。
热点演练40
①中国的十二生肖各有优缺点。②无可争议最受人们喜爱的生肖当属龙、虎和马，因为根据中国的民间说法，它们往往会带来成功。③但就一些对生肖的解读而言，羊的优点却寥寥无几。④羊年出生者通常被认为是被动、忠诚、慷慨和善良的人。⑤这些美德在理想的世界里或许是美好的，但在“狗咬狗”的现实世界中却没什么用途。⑥这是一个不公平的、过时了的迷信。
①Each of the 12 animals in the Chinese zodiac has its virtues and faults.②The undisputed favorite is the dragon，the tiger and the horse，which are closely associated with success，according to Chinese folk sayings.③But sheep have fewer advantages according to some zodiac interpretations.④Those born in sheep years are often thought of as passive，loyal，generous and kind.⑤These virtues may be wonderful in an ideal world，but not so useful in the“dog-eat-dog”real world.⑥It’s an unfair and outdated superstition.
主题：中国传统文化——生肖
难点及词汇注释：
句①“十二生肖”是指“生肖中的12种动物”，可译为“12 animals in the Chinese zodiac”。
句②“无可争议的”可译为“undisputed”。“因为……”可译为定语从句，修饰“龙、虎和马”。
句③“生肖解读”可译为“zodiac interpretations”。
句⑤“美德”可译为“virtues”。
句⑥“过时的”可译为“outdated”。