2014年医学考博录音原文
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear ffteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
1.W：It would help me if you could go over last week and give me an idea how much beer you drank each evening.
M：Well，let me see，I went up to the pub 4 times last week，and drank about 3 pints each evening.
Q：How much beer did the man drink last week？
2.W：Is there anything else I can do to help me sleep tonight？
M：Don’t worry so much about things of work.I know，I know，easier said than done.
W：Should I stay home from work？
M：No，I don’t think that’s necessary；just remember to stay calm.
Q：What did the doctor suggest the woman do？
3.W：How have you been feeling in general？
M：Nothing to complain，really.
Q：What does the man mean？
4.W：Our managing director is going to give you a raise.
M：Really？Are you kidding me？
W：Absolutely！He thinks you would！
Q：What does the woman say？
5.W：I’ve been so worried about my daughter.She’s so different in temperament from me.We are not always on the same wavelength.
M：That’s quite common with mothers and daughters.
W：She’s a further personality and very much on the ball，but she is an excitable child.
Q：What does the woman mean？
6.M：Where is your injury？
W：Here，my ankle.
M：How did it happen？
W：I tripped over on the pavement and twisted it.It’s swollen and very painful.
Q：What is true about the woman？
7.W：John wants to move upward and onward with his new company.
M：He is well qualifed and the boss is into him.
W：So you think he will achieve his goal？
M：Yeah！I bet he will.
Q：What did the man mean？
8.M：Take the slip to the front desk and then arrange an appointment for the tests.
W：Thank you，doc！Have a nice day！
Q：What will the woman do？
9.M：There is one girl at my school whom everybody picks on.
W：Why？
M：Because she doesn’t wear what everybody else wears.
Q：What can be inferred about the girl in question？
10.M：What are you coming for today，Ms.Anders？
W：I’ve been having some pains in my joints，especially the knees！
Q：Where did the conversation most probably take place？
11.W：How long does the pain last when you get it？
M：It comes and goes！Sometimes I hardly feel anything，other times it can last up to half an hour or more.
W：Is there a type of food that seems to cause stronger pain than other types？
M：Um，heavy foods like steak or lasagna usually brings it on.I’ve been trying to avoid those.
Q：What type of food seems to cause stronger pain to the man？
12.W：Carl，your bicycle is too old.It’s not safe to ride.
M：Yeah！I think I need to buy a new one，but all in good time.
Q：What does the man mean？
13.M：How long could you have these symptoms？
W：Oh，I have the cough for two weeks，but feeling ill just seemed the past a few days.
Q：What do we know about the woman’s illness？
14.W：I think I could recover the cough at the end of the year.
M：I’m sorry to burst your bubble，but the stock index still ranges between 1，900 and 2，900 after a year.
Q：What does the man mean？(https://www.daowen.com)
15.M：I just want to check if you understand which pills to take and when.
W：The yellow one in the morning and the others，oh，I think no，maybe，ah，best if I write it down！ Then I won’t forget！
M：Here is some paper.The yellow one once a day before breakfast，the large round one three times a day after meals，the small ones when you need one for sleeping.
Q：Which of the following statements is true？
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear three passages.After each one，you will hear fve questions. After each question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
W：Hi，Patrick，how are you feeling today？
M：A bit better.
W：That’s good to hear.Are you still feeling nauseas？
M：No.I haven’t felt sick to my stomach since you switched my medication.
W：Great，say，your test result came this morning.
M：It’s about time.Is it good news or bad？
W：I guess it’s a bit of both.Which do you want frst？
M：Let’s get the bad news over with.
W：OK.It looks like you are going to need surgery to remove your tumor from your leg.After the operation you’re going to have to stay off your feet for at least 3 weeks.That means no soccer.
M：Well，I was afraid you were going to say that.
W：Now，for the good news.The biopsy shows the tumor is benign which means it is not cancerous. We’re going to take it out anyway，just to be on the safe side.
M：Wow，that’s a load off my mind.Thanks，doctor.
W：Don’t get too excited.We still need to get to the bottom of all this way of loathing…
M：I probably have just been so worried about stupid lump.
W：These things often are stress-related，but we’re still going to do a few blood tests just to rule a few things out.
M：Things like what？Cancer？
W：Actually，I am thinking more along the line of food allergy.
Questions 16-20 are based on the conversation you have just heard：
16.What did the man have to switch medication？
17.What is the bad news for the man？
18.What medical procedures has the man already undergone？
19.Why does the doctor ask the man to take a few blood tests？
20.Which of the following can best describe the man’s feeling in the end？
Passage One
Women may be more susceptible to the lung damaging effects of smoking than men，according to new research by Inga-Cecilie Soerheim，M.D.，and her colleagues from Channing Laboratory，Brigham and Women’s Hospital and University of Bergen，Norway.They analyzed data from a Norwegian case-control study including 954 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）and 955 controls.All were current-or ex-smokers，and the COPD subjects had moderate or severe COPD.
“Overall our analysis indicated that women may be more vulnerable to the effects of smoking，which is something previously suspected but not proven，”said Dr.Soerheim.
The study results will be presented on May 18 at the 105th International Conference of the American Thoracic Society in San Diego.
Examining the total study sample，there were no gender differences with respect to lung function（FEV1）and COPD severity，but the women were on average younger and had smoked signifcantly less than men.
To explore these differences further，they also analyzed two subgroups of the study sample：COPD subjects under the age of 60（early onset group）and COPD subjects with less than 20 pack-years of smoking（low exposure group）.In both subgroups，women had more severe disease and greater impairment of lung function than men.
“This means that female smokers in our study experienced reduced lung function at a lower level of smoking exposure and at an earlier age than men，”said Dr.Soerheim.
It has long been suspected that the effect of smoking on lung function may be modifed by gender.Interaction analysis confrmed that being female represents a higher risk of reduced lung function and severe COPD，but this gender effect was most pronounced when the level of smoking exposure was low.
“The gender difference in COPD susceptibility seems to be most important when smoking exposure is low.Women may tolerate small amounts of tobacco worse than men，”Dr.Soerheim explained.
According to Dr.Soerheim，the reason why women may be more susceptible to the effects of cigarette smoke is still unknown，but there are several possible explanations：“Women have smaller airways；therefore each cigarette may do more harm.Also，there are gender differences in the metabolism of cigarette smoke.Genes and hormones could also be important.”
Questions 21-25 are based on the passage you have just heard：
21.What is the most likely topic of this talk？
22.How many subjects did Dr.Soerheim recruit in her study？
23.When and where will Dr.Soerheim present their study results？
24.According to the talk，when is the gender difference most likely to be obvious in COPD susceptibility？
25.Which of the following is not an explanation for women’s great susceptibility to the effects of smoking？
Passage Two
In December 1997 large numbers of cattle，goats and sheep began dying in the Garissa district of north-eastern Kenya.A month later people started dying，too.It was，at the time，the biggest recorded outbreak of Rift Valley fever in east Africa.Some 100，000 stock animals succumbed and about 90，000 people were infected—hundreds fatally—in fve countries.
In December 2007 the same thing happened.Or，rather，it started to happen but was stopped in its tracks.The difference was that the second time around there was warning.In September researchers at the Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt，Maryland，part of America’s space agency，NASA，told the authorities in Kenya that they had a problem.They told them again in October.And again in November.By the time the epidemic emerged，the Kenyan health ministry had dispatched teams to the area to distribute mosquito nets and urge village leaders and religious authorities to stop people slaughtering and eating animals.Though the outbreak still killed 300 people in Kenya，Somalia and Tanzania，it could have been a lot worse.According to Kenneth Linthicum of America’s Department of Agriculture，the number of deaths would probably have been more than twice as high without the warning.
The warning itself was possible because of a model of how disease spreads that Dr.Linthicum helped design.And the data that were plugged into that model came from satellites.
What the researchers at Goddard had noticed at the time of the frst outbreak was that in the months preceding it，surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean had risen by half a degree.These higher temperatures brought heavy and sustained rains，cloud cover and warmer air to much of the Horn of Africa.Mosquitoes multiplied wildly—and lived long enough for the virus that causes the fever to develop to the point where it is easily transmissible.In September 2007 the researchers saw the same thing happening in the ocean，and suspected the same consequences would follow.
Questions 26-30 are based on the passage you have just heard：
26.How many stock animals died as a result of the outbreak of the Rift Valley fever in 1997？
27.What helped stop the outbreak of the Rift Valley fever in 2007？
28.Which of the following is not mentioned as a measure to prevent the 2007 outbreak from spreading？
29.What triggered the two outbreaks of the Rift Valley fever in Africa？
30.What is the talk mainly about？