2015年医学考博录音原文
Part ⅠListening Comprehension（30%）
Section A
Directions：In this section you will hear ffteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said.The question will be read only once.After you hear the question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
1.M：What about the problem that I’ve been having in sleeping？
W：I’m going to give you a prescription of some medicine to help you get a better night’s sleep.
Q：What does the man want to know？
2.M：How long should I take them？
W：The prescription is for 30 days.If you’re still feeling depressed after 30 days，I’d like you to
come back in.
Q：What does the woman advise the man to do if his problem continues？
3.W：Doc，should I stay away from work？
M：No，I don’t think that’s necessary.Just remember to stay calm.
Q：What does the man tell the woman to do？
4.M：How long have you been having this problem？
W：It started in June，so for more than 5 months now.My stomach hurts after some meals but not always.
Q：What does the woman complain of？
5.M：How strong is the pain exactly？On a scale of 1-10，how would you describe the intensity of the pain？ W：Well，I’d say the pain is about a 2 on a scale of 1-10.Like I say，it’s not really bad.It just keeps coming back.
Q：How severe is the pain？
6.W：You don’t seem to be overweight.
M：No，not really.If I run up a fight of stairs，it takes me a while to get my breath back.I need to work out more.
Q：What does the man mean？
7.M：Ooh，that’s cold！
W：Don’t worry，it’s just my stethoscope.
Q：What is the woman doing？
8.M：OK，everything looks ship-shape.
W：Great！When should I come again for a physical？
Q：Where did this conversation probably take place？
9.M：I’m so sick in my stomach！
W：That’s too bad.Have you been to the toilet？Any diarrhea or vomiting？
M：I’ve been to the toilet twice.But no diarrhea or vomiting.Perhaps I should drink something. Can I have a cup of hot tea？
Q：What is the man suffering from？
10.M：How about allergies？
W：Not that I’m aware of.
Q：What does the woman mean？
11.M：Louise，what are you doing now？
W：Oh，just listening to music，looking through magazines.
M：Staying in the house on a nice day like this？Come on，let’s go play tennis.
W：Oh great！You made my day.
Q：What is the woman going to do？
12.M：Are you having any problems like weakness，fatigue，or headaches？
W：Well，I certainly felt under the weather.
Q：What does the woman mean？
13.M：I saw Michael with his wife this morning，in the obstetrics and gynecology department.Is his wife ill？
W：No，she called me just now.Guess what？Their daughter has just had twins.And they were there for her.
Q：What can we learn from the conversation？
14.W：Here’s an extra blanket.Let me tuck you in.
M：You’re so sweet.What is your name？
W：My name is Alice.I’ll be on shift during the day for the next few days.
Q：What can be said of the woman？
15.M：Now，I’d like to ask you about any illnesses you’ve had in the past.Could you tell me about this？(https://www.daowen.com)
W：Let me think…I had my appendix out when I was 15.And I had a chest infection when I was on holiday in the USA 5 years ago.That’s all.
M：Could you tell me if you’ve had any accidents or injured yourself at any time？
W：Well yes，I slipped on the ice and broke my neck 10 years ago.Actually I was in hospital then for several weeks.I’d forgotten that.
Q：When did the woman have a bone fracture？
Section B
Directions：In this section you will hear one dialogue and two passages.After each one，you will hear fve questions.After each question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.
Dialogue
W：Well，your barium meal did not show an ulcer.But it did show that you have something we call a hiatus hernia.Do you know what that is？
M：I think my grandmother had one.But I haven’t much of a clue，really.
W：Now I’m going to explain how we can try to get rid of your stomach and heartburn problems.I think it would help if you were able to lose a bit of weight.You’ll be less likely to get the pain if you can eat smaller，lighter meals regularly.Standing upright after eating for a while helps so that your stomach is less likely to come up to your gullet than when you lie fat.Lastly，I’m going to give you some tablets that will stop your stomach from producing acid.Perhaps you could tell me what you feel about it？
M：Well，I worry that it might be diffcult to eat the meals you suggest，because I’m a lorry driver and have to be on the road most of the day.And I’m not sure if I want to take those tablets.
W：Yes，I understand you might have some problems with the diet I’m suggesting，especially as roadside cafes usually sell meals with greasy food.However，perhaps you could keep to fsh and chicken，and avoid chips and fried eggs.You say you’re not keen on taking tablets.Why not？
M：A friend of mine had them，and then got worse.And 6 weeks later they found he had stomach cancer.
W：I see…so you were worried about having cancer？
M：Well，I was a bit.I suppose if my X-ray only showed a hernia，I must be clear.But are there other tests you can do to be absolutely sure？
W：Yes，there are.But I don’t think it’s necessary to do them at present.We’ll want to see how you get on over the next few weeks with a change of diet.What about the tablets I suggested？I don’t think it’s possible that they caused your friend’s cancer.
M：I think I’d rather try changing my diet frst of all.Then，taking the medicine you prescribed for me last time.
W：Let’s try that for the next 4 weeks.Then，I’ll see you again.
Questions 16-20 are based on the following dialogue：
16.What medical procedure has the man undergone？
17.Which of the following is NOT among the doctor’s suggestions to the man？
18.According to the doctor’s advice，which of the following foods should the man avoid？
19.What is the doctor’s diagnosis of the man？
20.What will the man do for the next four weeks？
Passage One
A team of Australian chemistry students have strengthened the chemical bonds of insulin to make it stable even at warm temperatures—a breakthrough that could simplify diabetes management.The fnding could shed light on how insulin works and eventually lead to insulin pills，rather than injections or pumps.
Insulin needs to be kept cold because it is made of weak chemical bonds that degrade at temperatures above 40 degrees Fahrenheit，making it inactive.But using a series of chemical reactions， the research team，comprised of students from Monash University in Australia，replaced the unstable bonds with stronger，carbon-based ones.
The stronger bonds stabilize the insulin’s two protein chains without interfering with its natural activity，according to a story about the fndings at SciGuru.The so-called“dicarba”insulins were stable at room temperature for several years，SciGuru says.
Even more promising is that the fndings provide insight into how insulin works.
People with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes do not produce enough insulin，whether it’s the result of an auto-immune disorder that stops producing it entirely（Type 1）or a condition brought on by other factors like obesity，in which the body can no longer use it properly（Type 2）.Insulin is the mechanism that delivers glucose from the blood to the cells，so diabetics must take a synthetic form of the hormone.
When insulin unlocks cells to allow sugar to be taken up from the blood，the hormone’s shape changes—but no one is sure what the shape looks like.If researchers knew that shape，they could design smaller，less-complex versions of insulin that don’t use proteins.
Then it could be administered in pill form rather than directly into the bloodstream.Understanding the molecule’s chemical bonds is a step toward unlocking that shape，the researchers say.
Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage：
21.What is the main idea of the talk？
22.Why does insulin need to be kept cold，according to the talk？
23.What makes the research more promising？
24.What is true about the new type of insulin？
25.What is unknown to the scientists，according to the talk？
Passage Two
Brain wave scanners might make it possible to communicate with people who are considered brain-dead，according to a new study reported in the Economist.
A couple of recent studies have shown that a small minority of vegetative patients might be more aware than they seem.Now，Damien Cruse，with the Medical Research Council’s Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge，UK，thinks EEG machines will be able to help these patients communicate.
The team asked 6 healthy volunteers to wear EEG devices，which connect electrodes to a person’s head.They were asked to respond to an audible tone by imagining that they were squeezing their right hands or wiggling the toes of both feet.The researchers found that the volunteers’brain responses were clearly different—the hand-squeezing activated the left-hand side of the brain，and the toe wiggling produced a response in the center of the brain.
Then they tested the procedure on a patient with locked-in syndrome，who was always completely paralyzed but retained some control of his fne movements.His brain responses were the same.Finally， they tested the procedure on a patient who had been declared vegetative 2 years earlier.They watched the EEG signals and were able to deduce which movement the patient was imagining.
The same team had studied 23 vegetative patients for 4 years and found 4 patients were able to consistently respond to yes-or-no questions by changing their brain activity.They were asked to imagine playing tennis when they wanted to give one response or walking around the house when they wanted to give the other.
Since the patients were responsive，they’re not technically vegetative，the researchers say.Proof that they can communicate that they’re not brain dead would have major implications for family members’ and doctors’decisions about their care.
Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage：
26.What does this talk mainly tell us？
27.For the 6 healthy volunteers，which part of the brain did the hand-squeezing imagination activate？
28.Of the 23 vegetative patients，how many were found to be able to consistently respond to yes-or-no questions？
29.What can we learn from the study on the patient declared vegetative 2 years earlier？
30.When EEG signals indicate that a vegetative patient is responsive，which of the following is NOT true？