Reading Actively
1.In junior high school I put a lot of efforts into English learning and made good progress with the help ofmy teacher.
初中时,我非常努力地学习英语,并且在老师的帮助下取得了很大的进步。
effort n. [U, C] the physical or mental energy that you need to do sth. 努力
You should put more effort into your work. 你应该更努力地工作。
It takes a lot of time and effort to learn a new language.
学习一门新的语言要花很多时间和努力。
I will make every effort （do all I can) to arrive on time. 我将尽最大努力按时到达。
Superman lifted the car without effort （effortlessly). 超人轻易地就举起了汽车。
Visit the village when you’re there. It’s well worth the effort （definitely worth doing).
当你在那里的时候,你可以去参观一下那个村子。 那个村子很值得去看看。
【拓展】“不遗余力做某事”还可以使用以下表达:
We spare no effort to improve our English. 我们将不遗余力地提高我们的英语水平。
They took a lot of trouble to find the right person for the job.
他们费了很大劲儿才找到适合这个工作的人选。
They took great pains to keep their children safe. 他们不遗余力地确保子女们的安全。
TIP
教师应提示学生注意与effort 搭配的动词,可以采取造句的方式让学生多操练,基础好的学生可以尝试使用“不遗余力做某事”的多种表达方式。
2.You ought to memorise more new words during the summer vacation, because you will find there is a large vocabulary in a single text when you study in senior high school.
在这个暑假期间,你应该多记一些新单词,因为当你进入高中,你会发现一篇文章的词汇量更大了。
【注意】这个句子的结构比较复杂,在because 引导的原因状语从句中,you 是主语,will find 是谓语,后面所接句子there is… text 是宾语从句（省略了关系代词that),when you study in senior high school是时间状语从句。
ought to modal verb
1) should 情态动词, 表示“应该做某事”
You really ought to quit smoking. 你真的应该戒烟了。
Many people felt that America ought not to take part in the war.
许多人觉得美国不应该参战。
2) used to say that you think sth. will probably happen 表示推断
He left two hours ago, so he ought to be there by now.
他两小时前离开的,所以他现在应该已经到那儿了。
3.Besides, grammatical rules will be more confusing. 并且,语法规则也会更让你困惑。
She had left a very confusing message on my answering machine.
I am confused—please say all that again.
They confused me by asking so many questions at the meeting.
He looked at me in confusion （with a confused look) and did not answer the question.
TIP
confusing 和confused 的区别是一个难点。 区别这两个词的时候也可以同时复习初中的interesting 和interested, exciting 和excited 的区别。
4. I love English. I do hope to keep my interest and become a better English learner.
我喜欢英语,我真的希望能保持我对英语的兴趣,并成为一名更好的英语学习者。
【注意】 do 的作用是强调后面的动词,没有具体的词义。 如果是过去时态,可以用did 来强调,后面的
动词用原形。
Do be careful. 一定要小心。
You do look nice in that hat. 你戴那顶帽子真的很好看。
We did go to the ice-cream shop you mentioned but there were so many people.
我们的确去了你提到的冰激凌店,但是那儿人太多了。
5. It matters. 这很重要。
【注意】It 指代前一句中的“小静喜欢英语”。 matter 这里是不及物动词。
matter vi. to be important 要紧
It doesn’t matter what you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.
只要你看上去干净整洁,穿什么无关紧要。 （It 是形式主语,真实的主语是what 引导的主语从句。)(https://www.daowen.com)
It mattered a great deal to her what other people thought of her.
她非常在意别人对她的看法。 （It 是形式主语,真实的主语是what 引导的主语从句。)
All that matters is that you’re safe. 唯一重要的是你的安全。 （that matters 是定语从句,修饰先行词all。 is 后面是that 引导的表语从句。)
【拓展】matter 常与强调句型连用。
It is what you do rather than what you say that matters. 重要的不是你说的,而是你做的。
6. As for grammar learning, you need to understand the building blocks of grammar.
至于语法学习,你需要理解基本的语法结构。
as for
used when you are starting to talk about sb. or sth. new that is connected with what you were talking about before 至于某人或某物
Robert’s got so thin. And as for Luke, he always seems to be ill.
罗伯特变得太瘦了。 至于卢克, 他似乎时常都在生病。
You can ask the others, but as for myself, I’ll be busy in the office.
你可以问问其他人,但至于我自己,我将在办公室忙碌呢。
building blocks
1)a child’s toy brick, typically made of wood or plastic 积木玩具
Creativity is developed when children play building blocks together.
在孩子们玩积木的过程中,创造性得到了发展。
2)a basic unit from which sth. is built up 基本的组成单位或单元
Sounds are the building blocks of language. 语音是语言的基本组成单位。
【拓展】block
1)block n. the four city streets that form a square around an area of buildings 街区
I live on the next block. 我住在下一个街区。
She walked three blocks down High Street. 她沿着高街走了3 个街区。
2)block vt. to prevent sb. /sth. from moving 阻挡；阻塞
I tried to get through, but there were people who blocked my way.
我想过去,但有人挡住了我的路。
The accident blocked traffic in the town centre. 事故阻塞了镇中心的交通。
7. With enough time, effort and practice, you will not feel confused with grammar any more and eventually get a better understanding of it.
只要花足够的时间和精力并进行练习,你就不会再对语法感到困惑,并最终能更好地理解它。
understanding n.
[singular, U] knowledge about sth., based on learning or experience 理解
Experts have little understanding of the exact cause of the earthquake.
专家们对地震的确切原因一点儿都不了解。
Over time, you will get a far better understanding of our cultures.
随着时间的推移,你会更好地理解我们的文化。
8. This is the key to success. 这是成功的关键。
【注意】这里的to 是介词,后面接名词或-ing 分词。 类似的常见用法有:
I’m not used to eating so much at suppertime. 我不习惯晚饭吃太多。
After lunch, we got down to discussing the new class rules.
午饭后,我们开始着手讨论新的班规。
I really look forward to seeing you again. 我真的期望再见到你。
Mike decided to stick to his decision. 麦克决定坚持他的决定。
He gave the speech without referring to his notes. 他做演讲的时候没有参考他的笔记。
I object to such treatment/to being treated like this. 我反对被那样对待。
【拓展】to 也时常引导动词不定式。
The guests promised to come early. 客人们答应早点来。 （不定式作宾语)
Mary has a lot of homework to do. 玛丽有很多作业要做。 （不定式作定语)
It is our duty to fight against pollution. 防治污染是我们的责任。 （不定式作主语)