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更新于 2026年10月12日 版权声明
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萨姆纳Sumner,William Graham

三民主义 Three People's Principles:基于大同 based in Ta t'ung,32;民权主义第二原则 democracy as second,334;对进化的依赖 tied to evolution,335;与社会主义 and socialism,355—356

三世 Three Ages(san shih),93,113;康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,28—31,120;注疏 commentaries on,29—30;《礼运》的文本 in “Li yun” text,34;麦孟华论 Mai Meng-hua on,119—120;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,124—125;与斗争 and struggle,142,149

《山海经》Shan hai ching(Book of mountains of seas),151,152,375

《尚书》Shu ching,251,412

尚武 Militancy:在中国缺乏尚武lack of in China,260—261,264—265;梁启超提倡尚武 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's advocacy of,261—263;毛泽东论 Mao Tse-tung on,263;与斯巴达人 and the Spartans,264;与德国人 and the Germans,264,265,266;与日本人 and Japanese,264;“精神”在其中的位置 place of “spirit” in,269—273

《上下古今谈》Shang-hsia ku-chin t'an(Talks of heaven and earth and past and present;吴稚晖),374,383—384

社会达尔文主义 Social Darwinism:在西方 in the West,4,63—64;中国对此的早期提及 early Chinese mentions of,5;传入中国 introduction in China,57;前达尔文主义的中国样式 pre-Darwinian Chinese forms,58;严复论 Yen Fu on,65;与道德 and morality,67;与“纸老虎” and “paper tigers”,74—75;群与社会达尔文主义的关联 relation of ch'ün to,108;与科学知识的匮乏 and lack of scientific knowledge,129;与宗教 and religion,152;赫胥黎的社会达尔文主义与斯宾塞的社会达尔文主义的对比 of Huxley vs.Spencer,158—162;与排满思想 and anti-Manchuism,182,324—326;梁启超的 of Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,215,260—273;其伦理 ethics of,241;与颉德 and Kidd,289;与达尔文 and Darwin,306;论作为善之自然 on nature as good,366—367;与进步 and progress,369;与重大修正 and Great Revisio,390;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,400—410;中国无政府主义者的 of the Chinese Anarchists,411—433;马克思的 of Marx,445;与马克思主义者 and the Marxists,451—452

社会革命 social revolution:西方无法避免社会革命 inevitable in West,358;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,359—360,366;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,360;与土地问题 and the land problem,365—366

社会进化 Social evolution:甄克思论 Jenks on,224,329;孙中山论 Sun Yat-sen on,346

《社会进化论》Social Evolution(颉德),280

社会向善论 Meliorism,443

《社会通诠》 History of Politics(甄克思 Jenks),严复翻译 translated by Yen Fu,224,226,326

社会有机体 social organism:斯宾塞与严复论 Spencer and Yen Fu on,64,71,79;与不朽 and immortality 294;胡汉民论 Hu Han-min on,352

社会之不朽 social immortality,292—305;与社会责任 social responsibility,298—300神话; Myths,达尔文留下的 bequeathed by Darwin:科学万能 omnipotence of science,453—454;历史必然性 historical inevitability,454;未来主义 futurism,454;至善论 perfectionism,454—455;先知先觉主义 prescientism,455

社会主义 socialism:颉德论 Kidd on,283—284;与达尔文 and Darwin,355—370;与躐等 and stage-skipping,362—363;论西方的弊病 on ills of the West,364;与进步 and progress,368—370;其“适应性” “fitness” of,452;另见国家社会主义 state socialism

圣经 Bible,the,9

升平世 Relative or increasing Peace,Age of(sheng-p'ing),28

升平世 ascending peace,age of,28,149

圣人 Sages:康有为论 K'ang Yu-wei on,40;严复论 Yen Fu on,51,53,54—55,56,61,225;麦孟华论 Mai Meng-hua on,119;与宗法制中国 and China as patriarchal,225;荀子论 Hsun Tzu on,399

圣西门 St.Simon,Claude Henri,19,21,35,357;论人类的可完善性 on perfectibility of man,11

师复 Shih-fu(刘思复 Liu Ssu-fu),371

史华兹 Schwartz,Benjamin,62;论《天演论》on T'ien-yen lun,157,158

释迦牟尼 Sakyamuni,272,296

《史记》Book of History,323

《十九世纪史》The Nineteenth Century(麦肯齐),293;译成中文 translated into Chinese,45,92—93;中译本 Chinese version,46—47;对康有为的影响 influence on K'ang Yu-wei,193(https://www.daowen.com)

《时务报》Shih-wu pao(Current affairs),84,126,172,181;报刊的典范 model for journals,85;提及《天演论》 mention of T'ien-yen lun,91,107;其中的种族主义 racism in,97—100,114;其中的阶段观 concept of stages in,112—113;其中的达尔文主义用语 Darwinian terms in,116

时务学堂 Shih-wu hsueh-t'ang(Academy of Current Affairs),125—126

史学革命 historical revolution,192—198;历史作为人类的进化纪事 history as story of human progress,193

士梯尼 Stirner,Max,440

适应性 fitness:与民主 and democracy,339;与社会主义 and socialism,369;梁漱溟论中国的适应性 Liang Sou-ming on China's,441,中国革命派的 of Chinese revolutionaries,444;与马克思主义 and Marxism,450

适应性的转变 adaptation,竞争的替代物 alternative to competition,408—410

实用主义 pragmatism,作为达尔文主义 as Darwinian,444

适者生存 survival of the fittest:应用于国家 applied to nations,3,66;变革对于适者生存的必要 necessity of change for,91—92;进步与适者生存的关系 relation of progress to,104—107;此术语的早期影响 early influence of term,116;与宗教 and religion,144—154;与群 and the ch'ün,162;与种族冲突 and racial strife,181—185;早婚的影响 affected by early marriage,214;对道德的威胁 a threat to morality,237;与功利主义 and utilitarianism,246;与“精神” and “spirit”,268—269;克鲁泡特金论 Kropotkin on,402

“守本分”shou pen fen(“accept your lot”),55

叔本华 Schopenhauer,Arthur,414

《说群》“Shuo ch'ün”(On the group;梁启超),107

马克思主义的中国化 Sinicization of Marxism,梁启超论马克思主义中国化的必要 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on need for,241—243,365—366

斯巴达 Sparta,214,264

斯宾塞 Spencer,Herbert,15,72,121,138,241,243;与个人主义 and individualism,64;与《群学》 and ch'ün hsueh,64;关于三种精神 three energies of,65;论渐进主义 on gradualism,73;论不思议之物 on the unknowable,76,164,165;论适者生存 on survival of the fit,77;对斯宾塞的不同理解 different interpretations of,78;与达尔文的对比 vs.Darwin,138;与《天演论》 and T'ien-yen lun,157;与严复 and Yen Fu,158—159,161,165,169,345;论人类行动 on human action,170;与赫胥黎 and Huxley,171;论部分与整体 on unit and aggregate,296;梁启超利用斯宾塞 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao's use of,338—339;论进步 on progress,414

私德 ssu te(private morality),238,259;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,275—279;与赫胥黎 and Huxley,275—277;其中的克己 self-restraint in,277

四人帮 Gang of Four,论孔子 on Confucius,216,252,277

斯密 Smith,亚当 Adam,159,160

斯特宾斯 Stebbins,G.Ledyard,405,410

斯图尔特 Stewart,玛丽亚 Maria W.,427

死亡 death:颉德论 Kidd on,289;梁启超论 Liang Ch'i-ch'ao on,290,291,292,299;鲁迅论 Lu Hsun on,290—291;毛泽东论 Mao Tse-tung on,291;与不朽 and immortality,292—307

思想改造 thought-reform,与可完善性 and perfectibility,455

《苏报》Su pao(The Kiangsu journal),179

苏东坡 Su Tung-p'o,69,73

孙中山 Sun Yat-sen,279,414,429,446,450;对达尔文的认识 knowledge of Darwin,5,317—318;论大同 on Ta t'ung,32,34,35;论追赶西方 on catching up with the West,73,74,342—343;其唯意志论 voluntarism of,115;论横滨学校 onYokoham school,115;与梁启超 and Liang Ch'i-ch'ao,180,186;与革命 and revolution,180,192,208,358—359;其排满革命 anti-Manchu revolution of,181,319,330;三民主义 Three People's Principles,186,356;对达尔文的滥用 misused of Darwin,275,355;与种族主义 and racism,330,334;论民主 on democracy,334—335;论政治 political tutelage,341;论生物进化与社会进化 on biological vs.social evolution,347—348;论人类在自然界的位置 on man's place in nature,351,353—354;进化的信仰 faith in evolution,354—355;与社会主义 and socialism,355—370;论资本主义 on capitalism,365,367;论土地问题 on land problem,365—366;其“原始克鲁泡特金主义”“proto-Kropotkinism” of,411;谴责达尔文主义 Darwinism denounced by,435,436;其思想的重新发现 ideas rediscovered,437;与赫胥黎 and Huxley,443;论开明专制 on enlightened dictatorship,448

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