Preparing for Crises

●It is increasingly common practice for a crisis management structure to be created to oversee and coordinate crisis management，featuring political control groups and operational staff groups.Such structures are often supported by a crisis management center.

●In preparing to manage networks of agencies in a crisis，the use of“hub”agencies and associated“spoke”agencies is a model which，when effectively resourced，has been shown to work well.

●Many crises arise from predictable events and planning can help ensure effective action is taken in these circumstances.It is the process of planning and the preparation for eventualities more so than the plans themselves that is vital to effective crisis management.(https://www.daowen.com)

●An important element of planning is preparing for different crisis scenarios.Even with known crises，such as pandemic outbreaks，the nature，type，speed，size and scope of the outbreak may vary considerably.The development of different scenarios can help determine the most effective crisis response.

●Simulation exercises provide important training and testing for people who will be involved in managing an actual crisis.Different types of exercise，in increasing levels of complexity and cost，are seminars，workshops，tabletops，games，drills，functional exercises and full-scale exercises.