8.3.2 语法专项突破
一、There be 结构
1.There be 句型的基本结构
(1)肯定句:There be+主语+地点状语/时间状语。例如:
There are six pencils in the pencil-box.文具盒里有六支铅笔。
(2)否定句:There be +not 主语+地点状语/时间状语。例如:
There are not six pencils in the pencil-box.文具盒里没有六支铅笔。
(3)一般疑问句:Be there+主语+地点状语/时间状语? 答语:Yes,there be./No,there be +not.。例如:
Are there six pencils in the pencil-box? 文具盒里有六支铅笔吗?
Yes,there are./No,there aren’t.是的,有。/不,没有。
(4)常用 how many 对可数名词的数量进行提问。例如:
There are six pencils in the pencil-box.在文具盒里有六支铅笔。
How many pencils are there in the pencil-box? 文具盒里有多少支铅笔?
(5)对There be结构中的主语提问时,常省略there。例如:
There is a computer in our classroom.在我们的教室里有一台电脑。
—What’s in your classroom? 你们的教室里有什么?
There are two pens in the pencil-box.文具盒里有两支钢笔。
—What’s in the pencil-box? 文具盒里有什么?
2.There be 结构的就近原则
当有两个或多个并列主语时,be 动词的形式与最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。
There is a pen and two rulers in the box.盒子里有一支钢笔和两把尺子。
There are two rulers and a pen in the box.盒子里有两把尺子和一支钢笔。
★进阶层(https://www.daowen.com)
There is/are +sb./sth.+ doing sth.有某人/某物正在做某事。例如:
There are some boys playing basketball on the playground.一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。
There is a girl singing and dancing under the tree.一个女孩正在树下唱歌跳舞。
二、问路与指路的表达方式
1.Asking for directions 问路
例如:Where’s the nearest hospital,please? 请问最近的医院在哪儿?
Excuse me.Can you tell me the way to the 7 Days Hotel? 打扰了,你能告诉我去七天酒店的路吗?
Excuse me.Could you tell me how to get to Bank of China?
打扰了,你能告诉我去中国银行怎么走吗?
Hello! Is there a park near here,please? 你好!请问这附近有公园吗?
Excuse me,how can I get to the nearest post office? 打扰了,请问到最近的邮局怎么走?
2.Giving directions 指路
例如:turn left/right at...在……向左/右拐。
Go/Walk along/down this street 沿着这条街走。
Turn right at the third crossing,and then walk straight.在第三个十字路口向右拐,然后一直朝前走。
Take the second turning on the right/left.在第二个拐弯处向右/左拐。
It’s across from/near/next to the hospital.它在医院对面/附近/旁边。
You can take the No.7 bus and get off at… 你可以乘7路公共汽车,在……下车。
专项练习

