3.3 GA induces autophagy under the high glucose st...
High glucose did not increase the number of autophagosome per cell and ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in MIN-6 cells(Figure 3a-c).However，when GA I was added，the number of autophagosome and protein level of LC3-IIin MIN-6 cells was significantly increased and subsequently blocked by 3-MA(Figure 3a-c).A volume of 33.3mmol/L glucose did not decrease the hosphorylation of mTOR，while GA I inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR under the normal or high glucose stress(Figure 3d).GA I also nduced accumulation of LC3-Ⅱand the ratio of LC3-Ⅱis significantly increased by treatment with chloroquine plus GA I compared with chloroquine treated group，which indicated that autophagic flux was increased after GA I treatment under the high glucose stress(Figure 3e).Our data showed that GA I induces autophagy via inhibition of serine 2448 phosphorylation of m TOR under high glucose stress.(https://www.daowen.com)