Conclusions

TGSO protected the Rin-m5Fβ-cell from high glucose-inducedβ-cell apoptosis.Its anti-apoptotic action was mediated via ER stress pathway，mitochondrial pathway and Fas signal pathway.ATF-3 might play an important role in the anti-apoptotic activity of TGSO.

Abbreviations(https://www.daowen.com)

TGSO，Thorn grape seeds oil；CO2，Supercritical carbon dioxide；GC/MS，Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry；ELISA，Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay；qRT-PCR，Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction；SFA，Saturated fatty acids；UFA，Unsaturated fatty acids；PUFA，Polyunsaturated fatty acid；MUFA，Monounsaturated fatty acid；ER，Endoplasmic reticulum；TNFR-1，Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1；DISC，Death inducing signaling complex；NF-kB，Nuclear Factor-kappa B；JNK，c-Jun N-terminal kinase；ATF-3，Activating transcription factor-3；iNOS，Inducible nitric oxide synthase；NO，Nitric oxide；RPM，Revolutions per minute；BSA，Bovine serum albumin；FACS，Fluorescence activated cell sorting；PBS，Phosphate buffered saline.