参考文献
1.NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines): Merkel Cell Carcinoma Version 1.2019- August 31, 2018.
2.American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging System (8th ed., 2017).
3.Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA, et al.Merkel cell carcinoma: Current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics.J Am Acad Dermatol 2018, 78: 457-463, e452.
4.National Institutes of Health.Adjuvant Avelumab in Merkel Cell Cancer (ADAM).Accessed May 3,2018.
5.Paulson KG, Lewis CW, Redman MW, et al.Viral oncoprotein antibodies as a marker for recurrence of Merkel cell carcinoma: A prospective validation study.Cancer 2017, 123: 1464-1474.
6.Kervarrec T, Gaboriaud P, Berthon P, et al.Merkel cell carcinomas infiltrated with CD33(+) myeloid cells and CD8(+) T cells are associated with improved outcome.J Am Acad Dermatol 2018, 78: 973-982, e978.
7.D’Angelo SP, Russell J, Lebbe C, et al.Efficacy and safety of firstline avelumab treatment in patients with stage IV metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: A preplanned interim analysis of a clinical trial.JAMA Oncol 2018.
8.Knopf A, Bas M, Hofauer B, et al.Clinicopathological characteristics of head and neck Merkel cell carcinomas.Head Neck 2017, 39: 92-97.
9.Poulsen M, Macfarlane D, Veness M, et al.Prospective analysis of the utility of 18-FDG PET in Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin: A Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group Study, TROG 09: 03.J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018.
10.National Institutes of Health.A Study of T-VEC (Talimogene Laherparepvec) With or Without Radiotherapy for Melanoma, Merkel Cell Carcinoma, or Other Solid Tumors.Accessed May 3,2018.
11.Panse G, McNiff JM, Ko CJ.Basal cell carcinoma: CD56 and cytokeratin 5/6 staining patterns in the differential diagnosis with Merkel cell carcinoma.J Cutan Pathol 2017, 44: 553-556.
12.Sims JR, Grotz TE, Pockaj BA, et al.Sentinel lymph node biopsy in Merkel cell carcinoma: The Mayo Clinic experience of 150 patients.Surg Oncol 2018, 27: 11-17.(https://www.daowen.com)
13.National Institutes of Health.Talimogene Laherparepvec and Nivolumab in Treating Patients With Refractory Lymphomas or Advanced or Refractory Non-melanoma Skin Cancers.Accessed May 3, 2018.
14.Kouzmina M, Koljonen V, Leikola J, et al.Frequency and locations of systemic metastases in Merkel cell carcinoma by imaging.Acta Radiol Open 2017, 6: 2058460117700449.
15.Singh B, Qureshi MM, Truong MT, et al.Demographics and outcomes of stage I-II Merkel cell carcinoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery compared with wide local excision in the National Cancer Data Base.J Am Acad Dermatol 2018.
16.National Institutes of Health.T-VEC in Non-melanoma Skin Cancer (20139157 T-VEC).Accessed May 3, 2018.
17.Han AY, Patel PB, Anderson M, et al.Adjuvant radiation therapy improves patient survival in early-stage merkel cell carcinoma: A 15-year single-institution study.Laryngoscope 2018.
18.Prescribing information: KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) for injection, for intravenous use.2017.Accessed May 3, 2018.
19.Vargo JA, Ghareeb ER, Balasubramani GK, et al.RE: Adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy in Merkel cell carcinoma: Survival analyses of 6908 cases from the National Cancer Data Base.J Natl Cancer Inst 2017: 109.
20.Mendenhall WM, Morris CG, Kirwan JM, et al.Management of cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma.Acta Oncol 2018, 57: 320-323.
21.Prescribing information: OPDIVO (nivolumab) injection, for intravenous use.2018.
22.Mattavelli I, Patuzzo R, Torri V, et al.Prognostic factors in Merkel cell carcinoma patients undergoing sentinel node biopsy.Eur J Surg Oncol 2017, 43: 1536-1541.
23.National Institutes of Health.Adjuvant Therapy of Completely Resected Merkel Cell Carcinoma With Immune Checkpoint Blocking Antibodies Versus Observation (ADMEC-O).