参考文献
[1]Will Steffen et al.，Crunch Time：How Climate Action in the 2020s Will Define Australia Climate Council of Australia Ltd，2021.
[2]Matt Saunders，Richard Denniss，Overpromise and underdeliver—A brief history of Australian climate plans，https：//australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Howards-Technology-Not-Taxes-WEB.pdf.
[3]Dina Hopstad Rui，Elizabeth Sullivan，Dongjae Oh，The Fossil Fuel Pushes—How Overseas Governments are Bankrolling Australia's Continued Fossil Fuel Addiction，https：//jubileeaustralia.org/storage/app/uploads/public/618/275/7da/6182757dade85985918918.pdf.
[4]Mark Ogge，Audrey Quicke，Rod Campbell，Undermining Climate Action The Australian Way，https：//australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/P1163-Undermining-climate-action-the-Australian-way-WEB.pdf.
[5]Commonwealth of Australia，Australian Energy Update 2021，https：//www.energy.gov.au/sites/default/files/Australian%20Energy%20Statistics%202021%20Energy%20Update%20Report.pdf.
[6]Commonwealth of Australia，Australia's National Hydrogen Strategy，https：//www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-11/australias-national-hydrogen-strategy.pdf.
[7]Australian Government，Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Technology Investment Roadmap：First Low Emissions Technology Statement 2020，https：//www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/September%202020/document/first-lowemissions-technology-statement-2020.pdf.
[8]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Low Emissions Technology Statement 2021，https：//www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/November%202021/document/low-emissions-technology-statement-2021.pdf.
[9]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Australia's whole-of-economy Long-Term Emissions Reduction Plan，https：//www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/October%202021/document/australias-long-term-emissionsreduction-plan.pdf.
[10]Enea and Deloitte for ARENA，Australia's Bioenergy Roadmap，https：//task42.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/australia-bioenergy-roadmap-report.pdf.
[11]Srinivasan V et al.，CO2 Utilisation Roadmap，https：//www.csiro.au/en/work-withus/services/consultancy-strategic-advice-services/CSIRO-futures/Futures-reports/Energy-and-Resources/CO2-Utilisation-Roadmap.
[12]石坤、蔡嘉宁：《澳大利亚减排科技部署与技术路径浅析》，《全球科技经济瞭望》2021年第36卷（12），第19—23页。
执笔：彭峰、高歌（上海社会科学院法学研究所）
【注释】
[1]Will Steffen et al.，“Crunch Time：How Climate Action in the 2020s Will Define Australia”，Climate Council of Australia Ltd，2021，p.2，https：//www.climatecouncil.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Crunch-time-full-report-2.pdf/（发布日期：2021年12月14日）.
[2]“全球甲烷承诺”是由美国和欧盟主导的一项减少全球甲烷排放的倡议，加入这一倡议的国家承诺实现到2030年将全球甲烷排放量从2020年的水平减少至少30%的集体目标，目前除美国和欧盟外还有103个国家加入了这一承诺。
[3]IEA，https：//www.iea.org/countries/australia/（发布日期：2021年12月16日）.
[4]能源消耗用以衡量澳大利亚经济中使用的能源量。它包括能源转换活动（如发电和石油精炼）所消耗的能源，但不包括国内生产的衍生燃料或二次燃料（如电力和精炼石油产品）。它相当于一次能源供应总量。它等于国内生产加上进口减去出口（和库存的变化）。
[5]能源生产是在消费或转化为二次能源产品之前测量的在澳大利亚经济中产生的一次能源总量。无须热组件直接发电的可再生能源形式，例如风能、水力和太阳能光伏，也被视为一次能源。不包括例如燃煤发电等二次能源生产。
[6]Matt Saunders，Richard Denniss，“Overpromise and underdeliver—A brief history of Australian climate plans”，The Australia Institute Report，p.2，https：//australiainstitute.org.au/wpcontent/uploads/2021/11/Howards-Technology-Not-Taxes-WEB.pdf/（发布日期：2021 年11 月12日）.
[7]https：//australianpolitics.com/downloads/issues/climate-change/1998/1998_national-greenhousestrategy.pdf#：～：text=The%20National%20Greenhouse%20Strategy%20is%20the%20primary%20mechanism，Governments%20through%20the%201992%20National%20Greenhouse%20Response%20Strategy/（发布日期：1998年11月26日）.
[8]“Global Greenhouse Challenge：The Way Ahead for Australia”，https：//parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressrel/HZ676/upload_binary/hz6761.pdf；file Type=application%2Fpdf#search=%22media/pressrel/HZ676%22/（发布日期：2002年8月15日）.
[9]Anita Talberg，Simeon Hui and Kate Loynes，“Australian climate change policy to 2015：a chronology”，May 2016，Science，Technology，Environment and Resources Section，p.10.
[10]Anita Talberg，Simeon Hui and Kate Loynes，“Australian climate change policy to 2015：a chronology”，May 2016，Science，Technology，Environment and Resources Section，p.17.
[11]Commonwealth of Australia，National Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy，2015，p.5.
[12]澳大利亚环境与能源部，存续时间为2016—2020年，拆分后该部门的环境职能与农业部的所有职能合并，组成农业、水和环境部。该部门的能源职能转移到工业、科学、能源和资源部。
[13]详见https：//www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/australias-national-hydrogen-strategy/（发布日期：2019年11月）。
[14]Dina Hopstad Rui，Elizabeth Sullivan，Dongjae Oh“The Fossil Fuel Pushes—How Overseas Governments are Bankrolling Australia's Continued Fossil Fuel Addiction”，p.4，https：//apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2021-11/apo-nid314990.pdf/（发布日期：2021年11月4日）.
[15]详见https：//www.awe.gov.au/agriculture-land/farm-food-drought/natural-resources/soils/（发布日期：2021年4月）。
[16]Matt Saunders，Richard Denniss，“Overpromise and underdeliver—A brief history of Australian climate plans”，The Australia Institute Report，November 2021，p.1，https：//australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Howards-Technology-Not-Taxes-WEB.pdf.
[17]详见https：//www i.ndustry.gov.au/data-and-publications/future-fuels-and-vehicles-strategy。
[18]详见https：//www i.ndustry.gov.au/data-and-publications/2022-critical-minerals-strategy。
[19]United Nations Environment Programme（UNEP），UNEP DTU Partnership，Emissions Gap Report 2021，p.43，October 26，2021.
[20]Richard Denniss，Matt Saunders，David Richardson，“Bending the Trend The role of policy，prices and pamphlets in driving emissions reductions”，The Australia Institute Report，p.11，https：//apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2021-10/apo-nid314833.pdf/（发布日期：2021年10月29日）.
[21]可变可再生能源（variable renewable energy）是指由于存在波动性而无法调度的可再生能源，例如风能和太阳能。
[22]这七个国家和地区分别为：美国、中国、欧盟、日本、英国、韩国和新西兰。
[23]“Australia's plan to reach our net zero target by 2050”，https：//www.minister.industry.gov.au/ministers/taylor/media-releases/australias-plan-reach-our-net-zero-target-2050/（发布日期：2021年10月26日）.
[24]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Australia's Nationally Determined Contribution Communication，2021，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，p.15.
[25]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Australia's whole-of-economy Long-Term Emissions Reduction Plan，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，October 26，2021，p.37.
[26]详见https：//www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/technology-investment-roadmap/（发布日期：2021年9月22日）。
[27]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Australia's whole-of-economy Long-Term Emissions Reduction Plan，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，October 26，2021，p.11.
[28]“Office of the Special Adviser to the Australian Government on Low Emissions Technology”，https：//www.industry.gov.au/policies-and-initiatives/office-of-the-special-adviser-to-the-australiangovernment-on-low-emissions-technology/（更新日期：2022年3月25日）.
[29]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Australia's whole-of-economy Long-Term Emissions Reduction Plan，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，October 26，2021，p.47.
[30]Srinivasan V et al.，CO2 Utilisation Roadmap，2021，Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 2021.
[31]Dominic Banfield，Emily Finch，Dr Matt Wenham，“Energy Storage：Research and Industry Opportunities and Challenges for Australia，Australian Council of Learned Academies”，ACOLA 2017，p.13，https：//acola.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/wp2-energy-storage-opportunities-full-report.pdf/（发布日期：2017年11月）.
[32]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Low Emissions Technology Statement 2021，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，p.43.
[33]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Technology Investment Roadmap：First Low Emissions Technology Statement，Commonwealth of Australia 2020，p.24.
[34]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Low Emissions Technology Statement 2021，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，p.85.
[35]CSIRO，“The challenge：Cost-effective technologies and meaningful abatement”，https：//www.csiro.au/en/research/natural-environment/ecosystems/Soil-carbon/（发布日期：2022年4月21日）.
[36]全碳核算模型（FULLCAM）是一种计算工具，用于模拟澳大利亚土地部门的温室气体排放量。
[37]CSIRO，“The challenge：Cost-effective technologies and meaningful abatement”，https：//www.csiro.au/en/research/natural-environment/ecosystems/Soil-carbon/（发布日期：2022年4月21日）.
[38]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Low Emissions Technology Statement，2021，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，p.84.
[39]Australian Government Department of Agriculture，Water and the Environment，Commonwealth Interim Action Plan：National Soil Strategy，2021，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，p.9.
[40]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Low Emissions Technology Statement，2021，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，p.65.
[41]Commonwealth of Australia，Australia's National Hydrogen Strategy，2019，p.50.
[42]Commonwealth of Australia，Australia's National Hydrogen Strategy，2019，p.17.
[43]Enea and Deloitte，Australia's Bioenergy Roadmap，November 2021，ARENA，p.23.
[44]Enea and Deloitte，Australia's Bioenergy Roadmap，November 2021，ARENA，p.4.
[45]Australian Government Department of Industry，Science，Energy and Resources，Low Emissions Technology Statement，2021，Commonwealth of Australia 2021，p.55.
[46]Meat&Livestock Australia，“The Australian Red Meat Industry's Carbon Neutral by 2030 Roadmap”，https：//www.mla.com.au/globalassets/mla-corporate/research-and-development/programareas/livestock-production/mla-cn30-roadmap_031221.pdf/（发布日期：2020年11月）.
[47]Meat&Livestock Australia，The Australian Red Meat Industry's Carbon Neutral by 2030 Roadmap，November 2020，p.7.