Caribbean area
In Caribbean nations，baseball preceded American occupation，as several Cuban students learned the game while studying in the United States and taught it to other islanders upon their return in 1864.Cubans introduced baseball to Puerto Ricans and Dominicans even before American troops arrived.Even as American administrators and evangelicalmissionaries brought sports to the islands，they attempted to eliminate some activities.They banned bullfights，cockfights，and gambling，and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union tried to prohibit alcohol.
The YMCA introduced basketball and volleyball，and U.S.governmentadministrators tried to Americanize the Puerto Ricans through sport and games on playgrounds and at settlement houses.The YMCA even permitted boxing as ameans to attractmembers，butwith little success.Boxing did，however，produce the first national sport hero in Puerto Rico.Puerto Ricans chose a limited assimilation，adopting American sport forms but employing national teams and their own flag in athletic competitions to emphasize their independent cultural identity.
Notes：
1White M an’s Burden
The United States and the Philippine Islands（1899），by Rudyard Kipling，is a poem about the Philippine-AmericaWar（1899—1902），which exhorts the Filipino people and their country.Kipling wrote the poem to encourage American colonization and annexation of the Philippine Island，a Pacific Ocean archipelago conquered in the three-month Spanish-American War（1898）.As a poem of imperialism，Kipling exhorts the American reader and listener to take up the enterprise of empire，yet warns about the personal costs faced，endured，and paid in building an empire；nonetheless，American imperialists understood the phrase TheWhite Man's Burden to justify imperial conquestas amission-of-civilization that is ideologically related to the continental-expansion philosophy of Manifest Destiny of early 19th century.
2 Duke Kahanamoku
Duke Paoa Kahinu Mokoe Hulikohola Kahanamoku（August 24，1890—January 22，1968），born in Honolulu，was a Native Hawaiian competition swimmer who popularized the ancient Hawaiian sport of surfing.He was born towards the end of the Kingdom of Hawaii，just before the overthrow，living into statehood as a United States citizen.Hewas a five-time Olympicmedalist in swimming.Dukewas also a Scottish Rite Freemason，a law enforcement officer，an actor，a beach volleyball player and a businessman.
3 Far East Olympics
The Far Eastern Championship Games（also known as the Far Eastern Championships，Far Eastern Games or Far East Games）was an Asian multi-sport event considered to be a precursor to the Asian Games initiated by the Philippines，the Republic of China and Japan.In 1934，Japan insisted on bringing Manchuria into the Far East Games，which was protested by the Republic of China and announced its withdrawal from the Far East Games.The Far East Sports Association was dissolved，and the Far East Gameswere suspended.
8-12 Duke Kahanamoku
4 General James Franklin Bell
James Franklin Bell（January 9，1856—January 8，1919）was an officer in the United States Army who served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1906 to 1910.Bell was amajor general in the Regular United States Army，commanding the Department of the East，with headquarters atGovernors Island，New York at the time of his death in 1919.He entered West Point in 1874，and graduated 38th in a class of43 in 1878，with a commission as second lieutenant of the 9th Cavalry Regiment，a black unit.
8-13 James Franklin Bell
5W.Cameron Forbes
William Cameron Forbes（May 21，1870—December 24，1959）was an American investment banker and diplomat.He served as Governor-General of the Philippines from 1909 to 1913 and Ambassador of the United States to Japan from 1930 to 1932.He was the son of William Hathaway Forbes，president of the Bell Telephone Company，and wife Edith Emerson，a daughter of Ralph Waldo Emerson.He was grandson of botanist Francis Blackwell Forbes.
6 M anila Carnival
8-14 William Cameron Forbes
Manila Carnival was an annual carnival festival held in Manila during the early American colonial period up to the time before the Second World War.It was organized by the American colonial administration to celebrate harmonious U.S.and Philippine relations.The Carnival also showcased the commercial，industrial and agricultural progress of the Philippines.The highlight of the event is the crowning of the Carnival Queens.
Practice for the unit
A.Blank filling
1.Social reformers includes people of______________________________________________.
2.There were a 3-tiered procedure designed to assimilate the ethnic and working-class groups，
First step：_______________________________________________________________________
Second step：____________________________________________________________________
Third step：______________________________________________________________________
3.Try tomatch the left column with its function on the right side.
The form of competition sports the cooperation and leadership
Team sports ingrained the basic tenets of the capitalistic economic system
Supervised games taught deference to authority
4.The settlementmovementaimed to____________________________________，and hoped to__________________________________________.
5.The process of formal acculturation began in 1879，with the opening of_________________.It imposed on American Indians the_______________________________________________________________________________ .
6.American missionaries arrived Hawaii in 1820，banning the Hawaiian sports of surfing，canoe racing，and boxing，aswell as gambling and the erotic hula dances，aims to______________.
7.Schools at Philippines added sports facilities，including tennis courts and tracks，to instill_____________________________________________________________________.
8.In the early twentieth century，baseball became a form of___________________________，as Japan and the United Sates contended for leadership in the Pacific.
9.The YMCA introduced basketball&volleyball—tried to___________________________________________________________________________.
B.Short-answer questions
1.How did the Employers'ardent belief contributed to achieve the acculturation goals in Progressive Era？
2.How American missionaries imposed their own values in the aspect of Sport in Hawaii？
3.How Japan established its dominant position bymeans of Sport？
C.Critical thinking
1.The settlements provided educational classes and an orientation to American society in the settlement house.In one of the senses，the class imposed White value in a way of imposition，on the other side，it did promote themodernization of the American.How do you think？
2.Sportwas one of the subtlermeans of acculturation in hundred years ago，is it still a way of acculturation？