Philippines
A similar spirit arose in the Philippines.The United States took control of the Philippines after the 1898 war with Spain.During the time of U.S.control，however，American administrators enacted a program of social reform.Aswith efforts to transform stateside ethnic groups，sport proved a primary means of Americanization activity in the Philippines.American soldiers introduced baseball and boxing to Filipinos and General James Franklin Bell4，commander of U.S.forces in Manila，claimed that“baseball had done more to‘civilize'Filipinos than anything else”.W.Cameron Forbes5，a former Harvard football coach and served as governor-general of the islands，constructed a polo field and a golf course and promoted widespread emphasis on physical education in the schools；schools added sports facilities，including tennis courts and tracks，to instill competitive spirit，discipline，a strong work ethic，and community pride.
Forbes further extended the use of sport in conjunction with the YMCA.Under YMCA direction，the M anila Carnival6 became an athletic spectacle that spurred town，offering national championships inmen's and boys'baseball，basketball，volleyball，and track and field，aswell as girls'basketball，along with open competition in swimming，tennis，track，golf，polo，soccer，football，and bowling.The baseball tournament included a team from Japan，and under the leadership of the YMCA，the Manila Carnival invited other Asian nations and became known as the Far Eastern Olympics.
8-10 Basketball Game O ffered by the M anila Carnival
By the end of Forbes'administration，more than 1，500 uniformed baseball teams competed for trophies and prizes，and 95 percent of publicschool students participated in sport and games.The YMCA prepared the official recreation manual，trained playground directors，and spread its own games of basketball and volleyball.The Filipinos adopted basketball as their national sport，and Filipino boxers became world champions，as sport became one of the subtlermeans of acculturation.
8-11 Filipino Boxer in Fighting