花背蟾蜍Strauchbufo raddei
地方名：花癞蛤蟆、小癞蛤蟆
形态特征：雄性体长60mm左右，雌性个体略大。头宽大于长，吻端圆形，吻棱明显，无犁骨齿，鼓膜椭圆形，耳后腺大而宽扁，四肢粗短。雄性皮肤较粗糙，头和体背部及上眼睑散布大小腺瘰；雌性皮肤略光滑，腺瘰稀疏。四肢背部较光滑，腹面均匀密布扁平小圆疣。雄性背部淡棕黄色或橄榄黄而显绿，缀有零散咖啡色斑块；雌性体色醒目，背部多为青灰色，密布较大的块状红褐色或棕色斑纹，正中背脊自两眼间至肛上缘有条纵直线纹，线纹上无斑，正好将背上斑块明切左右分开，相对醒目。繁殖期时，雄蟾内侧3指及内掌突上有黑色婚刺。
生活习性：从沿海低地、草原至高山地带均可见其踪迹，有一定的抗旱适应能力，能栖息在半荒漠生境。白昼藏匿于土洞或石下，黄昏外出觅食，在村庄和城镇常在路灯下捕食昆虫。冬季在土洞、沙土或沙壤中集群越冬。3月末开始繁殖，随纬度和海拔增加而延迟至7月初，产卵于水坑或沟、湖泊和稻田等静水域，卵带含卵约3000粒。蝌蚪呈深灰黑色，在静水塘内生活，集群活动。从卵至变成幼蟾，共需82天左右。
地理分布：为我国北方诸省区习见种，南方见于安徽、江苏；国外分布于蒙古国、俄罗斯和朝鲜半岛。
环渤海地区分布：均有分布。
生存现状：无危（LC）。
Anura Bufonidae Strauchbufo
7.Strauchbufo raddei
Description Adult males SVL normally up to 60mm, females bigger than males; HL wider than HW; snout tip rounded; canthus rostrals obvious; vomerine teeth absent;tympanum oval; parotoid glands big, board and flattened; limbs stout and stumpy.Rough skin of males, different size of granular glands on the head, back and upper eyelids; smooth skin of females, with less granular glands; smooth limbs and dorsum; flattened rounded warts on the belly.Dorsum light brown yellow or olive yellow of males, with scattered brown spots; striking color of females, caesious back dorsum, with bigger reddish brown and black brown spots and a vertebral pattern on the spine from the middle of the eyes to the edge of the anus, no spots, dividing the spots on the dorsum.Black spines on the inside of males'fingers I, II and III during breeding season.
Behaviour Strauchbufo raddei live in coastal lowland, grassland and the plateau mountains.They are drought-resistant and acclimatize to the semi-desert habitat.They hide in the holes and under the stones during the day and come out at dusk.They always prey on insects under the street lamps in the countryside and in the town.They spend the winter clustered in the holes and sands.They begin to breed at the end of March, and according to different latitude and longitude, the date could be delayed till the beginning of July.Normally, they spawn in the still waters, such as puddles, ponds, trenchs and rice paddies.There are about 3,000 eggs in the egg strings.The tadpoles are dark grey black,living in the still waters and acting in group.The eggs hatch into aquatic larvae in about 82 days.
Distribution China: commonly in north China, southward to Anhui Province and Jiangsu Province.At abroad: Mongolia, Russia and Korean peninsula.Distribution around Bohai Sea: nearly everywhere.
Conservation Least concern (LC).
