中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans
地方名：癞疙疱、癞鼓子、癞蛤蟆、蛤蟆、癞嘟
形态特征：雄性成体体长95mm左右，雌性超过105mm。头宽大于长，吻端圆，吻棱明显，无犁骨齿，鼓膜圆形，耳后腺大而长，后肢粗短。皮肤粗糙，体和四肢背部密布大小腺瘰，颜色变异大，多为橄榄黄色或灰棕色，其上杂以红褐色或黑褐色斑；腹面密布小疣粒，有深褐色花纹状斑。繁殖期时，雄性内侧3指有黑色刺状婚垫。
生活习性：分布于沿海低地到高原山地的多种潮湿生境。繁殖和越冬于水中，活动季节为陆栖生活。受到威胁时，自耳后腺分泌乳白色毒液。在环渤海区域3月进入繁殖季节，可延续到5月初。交配时，雄性前肢抱握在雌性的腋胸部。卵产于水塘、沟渠等静水域内。卵带含卵2700～8000粒，缠绕在水草或树枝之上。蝌蚪呈深灰黑色，在静水塘内生活，集群活动，以植物性食物为主。从卵至变成幼蟾，共需64天左右。每年9—10月陆续入蛰，在深水底或水边掘穴越冬。成体食性极广，各种小型无脊椎动物及适口的小型脊椎动物均可被视作其食物。
地理分布：广布种，国内除新疆、海南、台湾、香港、澳门外，其他省区均有分布；国外分布于俄罗斯和朝鲜半岛。
环渤海地区分布：均有分布。
生存现状：无危（LC）。
Anura Bufonidae Bufo
5.Bufo gargarizans
Description Adults up to 95mm in SVL of males, females up to 105mm; HL wider than HW; snout tip rounded; canthus rostrals obvious; vomerine teeth absent; tympanum rounded; parotoid glands big and long; hindlimbs stout and stumpy.Rough skin; different size of granular glands on the body, limbs and back.Dorsal color various, mostly olive yellow or grey-brown; reddish brown and black brown spots on the skin; lots of small warts on the belly, with dark brown spots; black spines on the inside of the males' fingers I, II and III during breeding season.
Behaviour Bufo gargarizans live in various moist places, from coastal lowland to the plateau mountains.They spawn and spend the winter in the water whereas they are terrestrial during acting season.The toxin is secreted from the glands behind the ears, in a milky-like substance when the frog is disturbed or frightened.Around Bohai Sea, they begin to breed in March and continue to the beginning of May.When mating, males grip females'armpit and breast tightly with its forelimbs.Normally, they spawn in the still waters, such as ponds and ditchis.There are 2,700 to 8,000 eggs in the egg strings, twining on the aquatic weeds and branches.The tadpoles are dark grey black, living in the still waters, acting in group and feed on plants.The eggs hatch into aquatic larvae in about 64 days.They begin to spend the winter in September and October, digging their holes under the water or near the water.The adult ones feed on small invertebrates and small vertebrates.
Distribution China: every province, only apart from Xinjiang Province, Hainan Province,Taiwan, Hongkong and Macao.At abroad: Russia and Korean Peninsula.Distribution around Bohai Sea: nearly everywhere.
Conservation Least concern (LC).
