北方狭口蛙Kaloula borealis

19.北方狭口蛙Kaloula borealis

地方名:气鼓子、气蛤蟆

形态特征:体长约45mm,体形宽扁,头宽大于长,口和眼小,吻短而圆,鼓膜不明显,无犁骨齿;前肢相对细长,后肢粗短。皮肤厚,较平滑,背面散布有少数小疣粒,腹面皮肤光滑。雄蛙有单咽下外声囊,胸部有小疣状的皮肤腺。生活时背面呈浅棕色或橄榄棕色,头后肩前一般有浅橘红色“ W”形宽横纹,体背和四肢背面常有不规则的黑色斑点,体侧至胯部直至趾内侧有深浅相间的网状花斑;腹部浅紫肉色,咽喉部黑褐色。

生活习性:生活于平原和低山地带,多栖息于水坑或潮湿处的草丛、石和落叶下或松散的沙土下。夏季7月雨过后频繁活动于水塘或者临时性积水坑,开始繁殖,雄蛙鸣叫声低沉、洪亮。夜晚抱对产卵,每次产卵400~800粒,卵呈单粒漂浮于水面。卵发育和蝌蚪变态时间短,自蝌蚪变态为幼蛙通常用时15~20天。

地理分布:广泛分布于我国北方诸省,南方湖北、江苏、安徽、浙江、上海等省;国外分布于朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯。

环渤海地区分布:均有分布。

生存现状:无危(LC)。

Anura Microhylidae Kaloula

19.Kaloula borealis

Description Adults SVL normally up to 45mm; HL longer than HW; flattened body; snout small, short and rounded; small eyes; tympanum is not obvious; vomerine tooth absent;forelimbs are long and thin; hindlimbs are stubby.Skin is thick and smooth with small warts on the dorsum; smooth belly.Males have a single vocal sac; warty glands on the thorax.Skin coloration is light brown to olive brown with a light orange wide transverse stripes behind the head and in the front of the shoulder in “W” shape; irregular black spots on the dorsum and limbs; reticular spots on the lateral till the inside of their toes; light purple belly; black brown throat.

Behaviour Kaloula borealis live in the plain and hills.They prefer staying in the puddles or hiding in the grass, stones or under the fallen leaves or sands.In July, especially after rain, they act frequently in the ponds and plashes.They breed in July.The call of the male frogs is deep and sonorous.The male ones and the females ones normally hold on each other to mate at night.Normally, females spawn 400 to 800 eggs, floating on the water, solely.The eggs hatch into aquatic larvae in short time.And the larvaes may be metamorphose to froglet only in 15 to 20 days.

Distribution China: widely in north of China and some provinces in south China, such as Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and Shanghai.At abroad: in Korean Peninsula and Russia.Distribution around Bohai Sea: nearly everywhere.

Conservation Least concern (LC).