乌龟Mauremys reevesii
地方名：草龟、中华草龟、金龟、泥龟、金线龟
形态特征：中型淡水龟，雌性大而雄性小，雄性背甲长120～160mm，雌性背甲长150～230mm。头背光滑，头颈无鳞，鼓膜椭圆形；背甲椭圆形，扁平，呈拱形，纵棱3条，中央棱贯穿整个背甲；腹甲前缘平整，后缘具三角形缺刻；四肢具鳞，指（趾）间具蹼；尾细，雄性较长而雌性短。头部橄榄色或灰褐色，眼后至颈侧有稀疏的黄绿色纹。背面棕色或褐色，纵棱黑褐色或黑色；腹面棕黄褐色，有黑色斑或几乎全为黑色。雄性成体随着年龄增长通体全为黑色。
生活习性：生活于江河、湖沼或池塘中，杂食性。繁殖期长，因分布地不同而有所差异，5—6月为繁殖旺期，在水域边缘沙土或疏松地点挖穴产卵；可分批产卵，每窝卵数不等，大龟可产多达10枚；卵椭圆形，白色。孵化期受温度影响很大，通常57～75天。稚龟性别受孵化温度影响，孵化温度25℃及以下时，稚龟多为雄性，孵化温度28℃及以上时，稚龟多为雌性。杂食性，偏爱吃动物性食物。
地理分布：广布种。国内见于华北、华东、华南、华中各地（包括香港和台湾）、以及除西藏外的西南各地。国外见于日本及朝鲜半岛。
环渤海地区分布：见于河北和山东。
生存现状：濒危（EN）。
Testudines Geoemydidae Mauremys
20.Mauremys reevesii
Description Medium-size freshwater turtles, male carapace up to 120-160mm, female carapace up to 150-230mm.Head dorsum is smooth, without scales; oval tympanum;carapace is flattened, oval and in arch shape with 3 keels and the central one throughout the carapace; front plastron edge is smooth; rear edges in triangle incision shape; limbs have scales, web-footed toes; tail is thin, male's tail is longer than female's; head's color is olive or greyish brown, with thin yellow-green stripes from the back of the eyes to the neck; the carapace is dark brown or reddish brown, with blackish brown or black keels; the plastron is yellow brown, with black areas or almost entirely black; male adults' body size grows to be all black with ages.
Behaviour They live in rivers, lakes or ponds.The breeding period is long and various according to the distribution, and May to June is the most productive breeding period.They dug to lay eggs in the sand or loose site at the edge of the water area.Eggs are laid in batches and the amount is different, big turtles can produce up to 10 eggs.Shape of the eggs is oval in white color.Incubation period usually lasts 57-75 days and it is highly affected by the temperature.Gender of young turtles is determined by incubation temperature.The young turtles are more likely to be male when the incubation temperature is 25℃ and below,while they are more likely to be female when the incubation temperature is 28℃ or above.Mauremys reevesii are omnivorous, favoring animal food.
Distribution Widely distributed in China: the northeast, southeast, south and central China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan), and southwest of China except Tibet; Japan and the Korean Peninsula at abroad.Distribution around Bohai Sea: Hebei Province and Shandong Province.
Conservation Endangered (EN).