玳瑁Eretmochelys imbricate
地方名：十三鳞、文甲
形态特征：体型大，背甲长平均650mm。背甲棕红色，有浅黄色云斑 ；腹甲黄色，有褐斑。头及四肢背面的鳞片均为黑色，盾缘色浅淡。上喙钩曲似鹰嘴。前额鳞2对。背甲呈心形，隆起较低，侧缘及后缘呈明显的锯齿状。腹甲具2纵棱。四肢桨状，具2爪。幼体背具3纵棱，背甲各盾片呈覆瓦状排列，随年龄增长，逐渐趋于平铺排列，脊棱明显。
生活习性：终生生活于海水中，以鱼、节肢动物与软体动物为食物，也吃少量海藻。每年2月下旬开始繁殖，每次产卵70～150粒。卵白色，球形，卵壳革质，卵径约35mm。在自然条件下，约经2个月孵出仔海龟。
地理分布：广泛分布于太平洋及印度洋的热带海域。我国南海、东海向北至山东沿海均有发现。
环渤海地区分布：山东沿海。
生存状况：极度濒危（CR）；国家Ⅱ级保护动物。
Testudines Cheloniidae Eretmochelys
24.Eretmochelys imbricate
Description Large bodies, adult carapace up to 650mm in average; the carapace is brown-red, with light yellow spots; the plastron is yellow with brown spots; black scales on the head and the dorsum of four limbs; edge scutes are light-colored; upper tomium is curved as eagle's beak; two pairs of prefrontal scales; the carapace is heart-shaped, lower hump part, side edge and rear edge are in serrated shaped; two keels on the plastron; four limbs are paddle-like, with two claws; young carapace has three keels; every scute of carapace is covered with tile pattern, in tile-pattern and spinal tubercles are prominent with ages.
Behaviour They live in the oceans, and they feed on fish, arthropod, mollucs and little seaweed.It starts breeding and lays 70-150 eggs in the last period of February every year.The eggs are white and round, the eggshell is leather-like, around 35mm in diameter.It takes 2 months to hatch newborn turtles in the natural surroundings.
Distribution In the tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean; also in the South China Sea, the East China Sea and up to coastal areas in Shandong Province in China.Distribution around Bohai Sea: in Shandong Province.
Conservation Critically Endangered (CR), Level II of National Protection animal.