棱皮龟Dermochelys coriacea
地方名:革龟
形态特征:体型大,是海产龟类中体形最大的一种,背甲长平均150cm,最大长度可达180cm,重平均363kg,最大重量达590kg。棱皮龟与其他海产龟类不同的是通身被覆柔软的皮肤,背腹没有角质盾片,四肢和头部也没有鳞片,指趾端无爪,甚至上下颌也没有扁平的角质板,背面具7行纵棱,腹面有5条纵棱。四肢桨状。尾短,以蹼状结构与后质相连。背面暗褐色或黑色,杂以黄色或白色点斑;腹面灰白色。
生活习性:棱皮龟是远洋性种类,平时生活于深海,繁殖季节才靠近陆地,到距海岸线15~20m的沙滩掘穴产卵于其中。每次产卵数82 ~ 106粒,卵径50mm左右,孵化期需60~70天。刚孵出的仔龟背甲长57mm,外形与成体相似,唯前对鳍状肢的比例较长,背腹甲及皮肤均被覆鳞片,几个月之后鳞片消失,其痕迹尚保留一段时间。幼年个体的纵棱和鳍状四肢边缘纯白色,以后白色演变为成体的白色点斑。
地理分布:广泛分布于太平洋、印度洋和大西洋的温暖水域。我国南海、东海及黄海均有发现。
环渤海地区分布:山东沿海。
生存状况:极度濒危(CR);国家Ⅱ级保护动物。
Testudines Cermochelyidae Dermochelys
25.Dermochelys coriacea
Description Large body, the largest size of sea turtles; adult carapace up to 150cm in average, the longest length up to180cm, weight up to 363kg in average, the heaviest up to 590kg.Body is covered by soft skin, without bony shells on the carapace and plastron; limbs and head have no scales; no claws on the tip of toes; no flat horny plates on the upper and lower jaws, 7 keels on the carapace; 5 keels on the plastron; four limbs are paddle-like;Its tail is short, connected with rear scute as the flipper; dorsum is dark brown or black,scattered with yellow or white spots; the plastron is grey-white.
Behaviour They are pelagic species and usually live in the deep sea.They reach the land during their breeding season.They dig caves in the sand and lay eggs in the caves 15-20m away from the coastline, they lay eggs 82-106 every time, and the egg is 50mm in diameter.Incubation lasts from 60 to 70 days.Newborns' carapace is 57 mm; the shape is similar to the adult's.Only the proportion of a pair of front flippers is longer.Their carapace, plastron and skin are all covered by scales which will disappear several months later; the vestige will remain for a period of time.Newborn's edge of ventral edges and flippers limbs are pure white in color, which will become adult's white spots later.
Distribution Widely known in warm water fields of the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean; also in the South China Sea, the East China Sea and Huang Sea in China.Distribution around Bohai Sea: in Shandong Province.
Conservation Critically Endangered (CR), Level II of National Protection animal.
乌龟
乌龟
中华鳖
绿海龟
绿海龟
玳瑁
棱皮龟