海蝰Hydrophis viperina
形态特征：头短，与颈区分不明显，鼻孔朝上，鼻鳞彼此相切。体全长1000～1200mm。身体前后粗细一致。体色变化较大，一般背部为青灰色，往往具25～46个深色菱形斑纹。腹部灰白色或灰黄色。上唇鳞7～8枚，多呈3-1-3式，也有2片入眶者。体鳞六角形，镶嵌排列，具棱或结节，颈部27～35行，体最粗部40～51行。腹鳞小，明显，239～300枚，纵贯全身，体前段较后段明显宽大。
生活习性：生活于海洋之中，以捕食鱼类为主。
地理分布：国内分布于自辽东湾以南的东部沿海地区及附近海域；国外分布于由波斯湾向东经印度半岛、中南半岛沿海到印度尼西亚沿海。
环渤海地区分布：辽宁沿海（大连）、山东沿海。
生存现状：无危（LC）。
Squamata Elapidae Hydrophis
66.Hydrophis viperina
Description Adults up to 1,000-1,200mm TOL, head is short, not obviously separated with the neck.Nostrils are upward; tangent scales on the nostrils; body is consistent sized;various body color; generally, caseous dorsum has 25-46 dark rhombic spots; ventral is greyish white or greyish yellow; 7-8 supralabials are arranged in 3-1-3 rows and two of them in the eye orbits; the inlaid scales on the body are hexagon, with tubercles; 27-35 rows of scales on the neck; 40-51 rows of scales on the widest part of the body; ventral scales are 239-300 pieces, small and obvious; the size of the scales become smaller from the head to the tail.
Distribution Known in the south of Jiaodong Bay in the East China; also the sea of the Persian Gulf, Indian Peninsula to the Indo-China Peninsula and Indonesia at abroad.Distribution around Bohai Sea: in the coasts of Liaoning Province (Dalian) and the coasts of Shandong Province.
Conservation Least concern (LC).