3.2.2　Experiential nature of embodiment of image-G

3.2.2　Experiential nature of embodiment of image-G

The embodied view of experientialism,whose quintessence is summarized into three basic rules:the embodied mind,the cognitive unconsciousness,and metaphorical thought,has provide a theoretical basis for studies of cognitive linguistics.It is a central notion in the philosophy of embodied realism with entailments so robust and stable that it has gained the status of embodied truth of cognitive linguistics.In addition,it is more powerful for the experiential explanation of language formation.

Accordingly,embodied linguistic realism gives rise to a corresponding notion of experiential truth for embodiment of image-G.Being notions,it could not,of course,have the standing of a literal truth in correspondence studies on embodiment of image-G.However,it provides a theoretical basis for the apprehension of embodiment of image-G.To be specific,the question of what we take embodied truth to be is therefore a matter for embodiment of image-G because it depends on the nature of human understanding:what image-G is and how it has been embodied,how we frame situations for embodiment of image-G,and what grounds our embodiment of image-G.Anyway,three basic rules provide a form of understanding absolutely crucial to experiential nature in embodiment of image-G.

3.2.2.1　The embodied mind

The viewpoint that mind is embodied entails that human beings have a specific rational outlook on embodiment of image-G due to the distinctive feature of human bodies.Experiential features of image-G are embodied in that they are deeply dependent upon characteristics of the physical body of the subject of cognition,namely,human beings.Human cognition of image-G is fundamentally shaped by embodied experience.The aspects of human body involve the motor system,the perceptual system,bodily interactions with the environment(situatedness)and the assumptions about the world that are built into the structure of the organism(Wang 2002).These experiential features include senior conceptual structure(such as preconceptual configuration and conceptual categories)of and performance on various cognitive operations(such as reasoning or judgment)in embodiment of image-G.In that case,the embodiment of image-G is likely to be largely dependent upon the characters of our bodies.

Image-G is closely associated with human beings'cultural,social and aesthetic beliefs and practices,because their behavior and experience is manifested in embodiment of image-G.Image-G does not exist,and is not learned,outside the distinctive beliefs and practices of which it is an integral part.It refers to human organisms both as the experience structure of image-G and the environment and context in which human organism acts as cognitive mechanism of embodiment of image-G.As Lakoff(1999)argues,all cognition is based on knowledge that comes from the body and that other domains are mapped onto our embodied knowledge using a combination of conceptual metaphor,image schema and prototypes.Our selfconcept is implicit in our perceptual,embodied interactions with the world and our kinesthetic experiences of our own bodies,which is an external reality that is reflected by embodiment of image-G.It can be concluded that the full explanation of our knowledge arises from participatory interaction with our embodied existence and self-knowledge is the foundation of human being's knowledge of the embodiment of image-G.

From the perspective of the embodied mind,image-G does not arise from an autonomous part of human mind,but concerns about how aesthetic connotation and semantics of image-G are related to and motivated by human conceptual knowledge,bodily experience,and the communicative functions of literary discourse(Lakoff &Johnson,1999;Croft & Cruse,2004).Abstract aesthetic connotation and semantics of image-G are entirely embodied,because they arise from embodied experience and continue to remain rooted in systematic patterns of bodily action.Human being's understandings of aesthetic connotation and semantics of image-G are not divorced from their embodied experiences,but rather are fundamentally constrained by them in predictable ways.In that case,it makes sense to seek out the embodied foundation of aesthetic connotation and semantics of image-G.People's subjective,felt experiences of their bodies in action provide part of the fundamental grounding for aesthetic connotation and semantics of image-G.The cognition of image-G is what occurs when the body engages the aesthetic,cultural world of literary discourse and must be studied in terms of the dynamical interactions between human being and the textual environment.

3.2.2.2　The cognitive unconsciousness(https://www.daowen.com)

Cognitive scientists have empirically demonstrated that most of human beings'thoughts are unconscious,which means that they do not have direct perception of their mind operation.As Evans & Green(2006:46)pointed out,“our experience is embodied—that is,structured in part by the nature of the bodies we have and by our neurological organization—has consequences for cognition.In other words,the concepts we have access to and the nature of the‘reality'we think and talk about are a function of our embodiment”.In the cognitive process of embodiment of image-G,human beings will adopt various mental operations and conceptual structures that are involved in language,meaning,perception,conceptual systems,and reason.Since these cognitive operations are largely unconscious,they accurately describes all unconscious mental operations concerned with conceptual systems,meaning,inference,and language in embodiment of image-G.To say that the cognitive unconsciousness of embodiment of image-G is effective is to say that the speculatively hypothesized cognitive operations that constitute it do real cognitive work,that they play the core part in conceptualization and reasoning and therefore are conscious,prototypical,and truth characterizing.

The cognitive unconsciousness of embodiment of image-G is a multi-level and multi-branch profound and complicated structural system.It includes not only all human being's automatic cognitive performance,but also their recessive knowledge and beliefs.All of their knowledge and beliefs are formed in terms of a conceptual system that is mostly inherent in the cognitive unconsciousness(Liu,2003).As a result,the cognition automatically provides human being with aesthetic connotation and semantics of image-G and thus places them in their embodied mind.The cognitive unconsciousness of embodiment of image-G involves all those mental operations that shape and make possible all conscious experience,concerning the conceptual experience of aesthetic connotation and semantics of image-G.The cognitive unconsciousness makes use of and guides the perceptual aspects of human beings'bodies,especially those that enter into aesthetic-leveled and semantics-related concepts of image-G.

The ultimate experiential significance of embodiment of image-G is that the very way that human beings normally conceptualize image-G is inconsistent with what they know scientifically about its experiential nature.In their system for conceptualizing image-G,there are always various perceptual aspects that are the locus of reason and that aesthetically have an existence independent of the body.

3.2.2.3　Metaphorical thought

Metaphor is not merely a specific manner of language use in specific contexts,but a mode of thought and an effective cognitive tool for human being to apprehend abstract things in terms of concrete ones.There is no mind separate from and independent of metaphorical concepts,or are there thoughts that have an existence independent of human capacity for thought(Johnson,2012).In that case,human thinking is a metaphorically inferential process.Human being cannot apprehend or intellectualize embodiment of image-G without metaphorical concept.As soon as we try to elucidate what constitutes thinking and perceiving in embodiment of image-G and so on,metaphorical concepts enter.Metaphorical concepts are necessary for any detailed reasoning about embodiment of image-G.

Metaphorical concepts are an effective tool of constructing conceptual systems,which provides a vivid concise way for human being's understanding of the abstract concepts in embodiment of image-G.As a matter of fact,people do not have any sufficient or adequate comprehension of embodiment of image-G in itself that allows them to do with all their important reasoning about mental process.Yet such metaphorical concepts reveal what is perhaps the most core attribute and embodied character of mental process(Narayanan,1997).Human being's metaphorical concepts and their capacity for thought which work in embodiment of image-G are framed by the nature of their brains,bodies,and bodily interactions.Via metaphorical concepts,the mind is endowed with an inside and an outside.Thoughts and ideas are intrinsic and exist somewhere in the inner space of human thoughts.They refer to objects and phenomenon in the physical world manifested in image-G.Metaphorical concepts are very ingrained and it is difficult for human being to embody image-G in any other way.

What is metaphorically important about embodiment of image-G is that there is no unitary concept in human being's inner lives.Metaphorical concepts conceptualizing thought itself does not provide them with conceptual metaphors that are inconsistent with each other.Instead,it offers human being a single,overall,consistent understanding of embodiment of image-G.Similarly,when human being try to embody image-G,they usually unconsciously use metaphorical conceptualization.However,there are many subject-self distinctions rather than only one.They are all metaphorical and cannot be reduced to any consistent aesthetic conception of subject and self in embodiment of image-G.In addition,human being's embodiment of image-G also requires a metaphorical grounding in experience.In the experientialist's view,our conceptual system emerges from our constant metaphorical functioning in our physical and cultural environment.The categories and the dimensions of embodiment of image-G out of which are constructed have emerged from our metaphorical experience(Lakoff & Johnsen,1980).It follows from this that some kinds of conceptual experience are partly metaphorical in nature,since metaphor plays an essential role in featuring the structure of embodied experience of image-G.