第4节 研究结果
研究结果（Results）这一部分，需要简洁明了地给出主要研究发现，确保对所有相关结果进行了汇报，尽可能使用文字与图表相结合的形式报道主要结果，并注意与研究目的相呼应。撰写研究结果时，需要注意：①避免针对某结果展开讨论（例如，this finding suggest that...）；②避免通过文字重复表格中已有的信息，表格与文字应做到相互补充。
与撰写前言和背景类似，撰写结果时，也可采用“统领句”的方法，即：第一句话总结此段话（或某表格）想要传达的信息。如示例2-60所示，这一段中的第一句话总结了此段所要展示的内容，并引用了相应的表格（Table 1）。另外，也可采用示例2-61中展示的方式进行描述。
示例2-60 研究结果统领句举例1
Clinical characteristics of the metabolite profiling subcohort and complete DPP cohort were similar（Table 1）.
示例2-61 研究结果统领句举例2
Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics of participants.Mean age was 41.8 years（SD=12.1，range 16-65 years）and all but one was Dutch.
撰写研究结果时，要注意层次性和逻辑性。第一段，多介绍研究对象基本资料；之后的段落，层层递进地回答研究问题或研究假设。如示例2-62所示，本研究采用了相关性研究设计，研究目的是“To assess the relationship between depression and self-care behaviors in individuals with multiple chronic conditions”。在结果部分，作者逐步向读者展示了与本研究目的相关的结果：5.1 研究对象基本特点。5.2 主要研究结果，包括：5.2.1 自变量与因变量的双变量相关分析（采用了ANOVA）；5.2.2 控制协变量后，自变量与因变量的相关分析（采用了ANCOVA）。
示例2-62 结果展示方式（相关性研究）
5.1 Participants
5.2 Main results
5.2.1 First set of analyses
ANOVA revealed a significant association between depression and self-care maintenance and monitoring but not with self-care management（Table 4）.MANOVA revealed a significant association between...(https://www.daowen.com)
5.2.2 Second set of analyses
ANCOVA revealed a significant association between depression and self-care maintenance and monitoring after controlling for the number of chronic conditions，cognitive function and age（Table 4）.
对于干预性研究，结果展示形式也类似。以发表在Diabetes上的一项临床试验为例，该研究的目的是：①to identify a unique metabolomic profile associated with progression to type 2 diabetes（T2D）in this population at high risk using a larger sample size—including validation of our previous findings；②to explore baseline metabolite interactions with the effects of lifestyle changes or metformin。在研究结果这一部分，该论文首先介绍了研究对象的一般资料。紧接着给出了：“Baseline Metabolite Levels Predict Incident Diabetes”（与第1个研究目的相关），如示例2-63所示。继而，给出了“Differences in Metabolite Associations With Diabetes Incidence by Treatment Group”（与第2个研究目的相关），如示例2-64所示。最后，给出了“Lifestyle Change and Metformin Effects on Diabetes Incidence in Subgroups Defined by Metabolite Quartiles”（与第2个研究目的相关，在上一部分研究结果的基础上进行深入分析），如示例2-65所示。
示例2-63 研究结果举例1
Baseline Metabolite Levels Predict Incident Diabetes
IPW-Cox models were used to determine the association between baseline metabolite level and incident T2D with adjustment for age，sex，race/ethnicity，hypertension，FPG.
示例2-64 研究结果举例2
Differences in Metabolite Associations With Diabetes Incidence by Treatment Group
For assessment of whether baseline metabolite associations with diabetes incidence differed between treatment groups，associations of the 331 known metabolites profiled were assessed using treatment group-specific IPW-Cox.
示例2-65 研究结果举例3
Lifestyle Change and Metformin Effects on Diabetes Incidence in Subgroups Defined by Metabolite Quartiles
To explore the relationship that baseline levels of metabolites had with treatment effect，we compared the HRs associated with treatment effect stratified across quartiles of metabolite concentrations.