英文提要

 

The 21st Century Trans⁃regoinalism， Trans⁃regionalization， and Trans⁃regionness

Pang Zhongying & Du Haiyang

 

Abstract： The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans⁃Pacific Partnership （CPTPP） and its predecessor the Trans⁃Pacific Partnership （TPP） contain a key word “Trans⁃Pacific”， which leads us to raise a research framework entitled “trans⁃regionalism， trans⁃regionalization and trans⁃regionness”. Of course， the framework is deeply inspired by an analytic trinity of “regionanlism， regionalization and regionness” originated from Europe. This article argues that the difference between the “trans⁃regionalism， trans⁃regionalization and trans⁃regionness” and the “regionalism， regionalization and regionness” do matter for understanding/explaining so many trans⁃regional developments in the 21st century world. Since the end of the Cold War， confusedly and incredibly as well as regretfully， the “Trans⁃Pacific”， “Asia⁃Pacific” and other similar areas， in theory and practice， have been largely regarded as the “new regions”. This article tries to use our framework of “trans⁃regionalism， trans⁃regionalization， and trans⁃regionness” to examine a number of truly “trans⁃regional” arrangements forged during the last many years including not only the Asia⁃Pacific Economic Cooperation （APEC） and the CPTPP but also the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership （RCEP）， Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO）， the Belt and Road Initiative （BRI） and the Indo⁃Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity （IPEF）. 

Keywords： Trans⁃regionalism； Trans⁃regionalization； Trans⁃regionness

 

 

The 2022 French General Election and China⁃EU Relations

Wang Shuo & Wu Yiwen

 

Abstract：In the 2022 general election of France， the current president Macron was reelected， but he failed to obtain an absolute majority in the parliamentary election， which reflects that French society has undergone important changes， especially political fragmentation and populism further intensified. As a European politician of a new generation， Macron always has ideals and convictions. It can be predicted that he will continue to promote his reform route and European strategic independence， but at the same time， will also face many severe internal and external challenges. On the whole， Macron's re⁃election is conducive to maintaining the continuity of France's and Europe's foreign policies and the stability of China⁃EU relations.

Keywords： France； General election； China⁃EU Relations

 

 

Analysis of the Development of Drone's Weaponization in the Middle East and its Impact on the Regional Security Situation

Ma Xiaodong

 

Abstract： Drones have played an increasing role in the Middle East conflicts and beyond. The strategic value of drones is embodied in the two characteristics， “low cost” and “high threat”. Drones are usually illustrated as a weapon of lower costs in aspects of finance， blood and audience. Meanwhile， drones can really pose an overwhelming threat to the regional security environment. Since 2015， the development of drones in the Middle East has accelerated. US and Israel　step down the altar of the only significant players. Although they are still the influential drone players in the region， Turkey and Iran have made rapid progress in the research， development and use of drones. Some Arab countries have struggled to catch up by various ways. The development of drones in the Middle East has significant implications for the regional security environment and geopolitics. Drones enhance the air power of non⁃state actors and the ability to standoff against governments， which exacerbate regional security fragmentation. Also， drones are used as important tool of targeted killings and political assassinations. Drones also intensify the regional arm race to a certain extent and become a new uncertain factor affecting regional security.

Keywords： Drones； Middle East security； Middle East politics

 

 

A Study of the Historical Changes of the Selection Methods of the Presidents of Russian Universities

Wang Chenhaozhi

 

Abstract： Based on the relevant laws， regulations and documents of the Russian government and universities， this article analyzes and researches the selection methods of university presidents in the Russian Empire， the Soviet Union and contemporary Russia. During the period of the Russian Empire， the Tsarist government established an institutional mechanism responsible for the selection of university presidents. The selection method was swinging between the appointment system and the election⁃appointment system， and the government was playing a more and more important role in the selection. After the October Revolution， the Soviet government established the president appointment system and president's responsibility system in universities. During Gorbachev's reform period， the selection method of university presidents quickly altered from the appointment system to the election⁃appointment system. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union， the selection of university presidents in Russia changed from “free elections” to “controllable elections” under the governmental standardized policy. A “hierarchical governance” selection system and combination of election⁃appointment system and appointment system for university presidents have been formed until now.

Keywords： Russia； University presidents； Selection method

 

 

The Economic， Political and Social Purposes of International Aid： Evidence from Japan's Official Development Assistance to Central Asia

Wang Yaozheng

 

Abstract： Official Development Assistance （ODA） is an essential part of foreign aid programs of donor countries. While allocating international aid， donor states pay attention to the balance of interests and aid effectiveness， as well as to international norms and domestic public opinion. Donor states also expect the internationalization of domestic political agenda， which demonstrates that international aid has economic， political and social attributes. To a certain extent， these three purposes are in contrast with each other. It is difficult for one aid program to satisfy all three purposes at the same time. Maximizing the effectiveness and benefit of aid programs is a key issues. Japan's aid programs to Central Asia are noteworthy. As a country located outside Central Asia， Central Asia countries are not the core concern of Japan's foreign policy. Japan needs to consider the trade⁃offs between these three purposes in its aid to Central Asia. Therefore， the empirical study of Japan's aid programs can provide lessons and examples for China's foreign aid programs.

Keywords： Japanese Official Development Assistance； Foreign Aid； Aid Diplomacy； Central Asia

 

 

Saudi 2030 Vision： A Comprehensive Review， 2016 to 2022

Liu Qinglong

 

Abstract：In early 2015， Mohammed bin Salam bin Abdulaziz led the Council of Economic and Development Affairs to carry out reforms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The council introduced the 2030 Vision one year later. The Saudi government has published many documents and reports and launched a series of programs and projects based on the 2030 Vision over the last six years， which has constructed a detailed reformation plan， including Vision Objectives， Vision Realization Programs and Vision 2030 Projects. The authoritarian modernization reform focuses on economic and social affairs and expresses pluralism， durability， moderation and openness. It is a historical practice to find a development road not only for Saudi Arabia but also for the Gulf oil production countries and whole countries in the Middle East after the Arab Spring. 

Keywords： Saudi Arabia； 2030 vision； the Council of Economic and Development Affairs