推荐阅读
1.周晓虹：《社会学心理学：多维视野中的社会行为研究》，上海人民出版社，1997年版。
2.戴维·迈尔斯：《社会心理学》（第11版），侯玉波等译，人民邮电出版社，2016年版。
3.阿伦森等：《社会心理学：阿伦森眼中的社会性动物》（第8版），侯玉波等译，机械工业出版社，2014年版。
【注释】
[1]Allport G W，“The Historical Back Ground of Social Psychology”，in Lindzey G，Aronson E（eds.），The Handbook of Social Psychology，Vol.1，3rd ed，McGraw-Hill，1985，pp.1-46.
[2]Smith P B，“Is There an Indigenous European Social Psychology？”，in International J ournal of Psychology，2005，40，pp.254-262.
[3]Heider F，The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations，Wiley，1958.
[4]Miller D T，Ross M，“Self-serving Biases in the Attribution of Causality：Fact or Fiction？”，in Psychological Bulletin，1975，82，pp.213-225.
[5]Greenberg J，Pyszczynsiki T，“The Self-serving Attributional Bias：Beyond Self-presentation”，in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，1982，18，pp.56-67.
[6]Morales L，U.S.Adults Estimate That 25% of Americans Are Gay or Lesbian，www.gallup.com.，2011，May 27.
[7]Gates G J，How Many People Are Lesbian，Gay，Bisexual，and Transgender？The Willia m Institute，UCLA School of La w，2011.
[8]Von Hippel F N，It Could Ha ppen Here，in Times（www.nytimes.com），2011.
[9]Myers D G，“Do We Fear the Right Things？”，in American Psychological Society Observer，2011，10，pp.56-57.Gigerenzer G，“Dread Risk，September 11，and Fatal Traffic Accidents”，in Psychological Science，2004，15，pp.286-287.
[10]Tversky A，Kahneman D，“Judgment Under Uncertainty：Heuristics and Biases”，in Science，1974，185，pp.1124-1131.
[11]参见阿伦森等：《社会心理学：阿伦森眼中的社会性活动》（第8版），侯玉波等译，机械工业出版社，2014年版。
[12]Zimbardo P G，The Psychological Power and Pathology of Im prisonment，A Statement Prepared for the U.S.House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary，Subcommittee No.3：Hearings on Prison Peform，October 25，1971.
[13]Freedman J L，Fraser S C，“Compliance Without Pressure：The Foot-in-the-door Technique”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1966，pp.195-202.
[14]Festinger L，A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance，Stanford University Press，1957.
[15]Sherif M，The Psychology of Social Norms，Harper，1936.
[16]Asch S E，“Opinions and Social Pressure”，in Scientific American，1955，193，pp.31-35.
[17]Asch S E，“Studies of Independence and Conformity：A Minority of One Against a Unanimous Majority”，in Psychological Monogra phs，1956，70，pp.1-70.
[18]Arendt H，Eichmann in Jerusalem：A Report on the Banality of Evil，Viking，1965.
[19]Milgram S，“Behavioral Study of Obedience”，in Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology，1963，67，pp.371-378.Milgram S，“Obedience to Authority：An Experiment View”，Harper and Row，1974.Milgram S，“Obedience to Criminal Orders：The Compulsion to Do Evil”，in Blass T（ed.），Contemporary Social Psychology：Representative Readings，Peacock，1976，pp.175-184.
[20]Milgram S，“Some Conditions of Obedience and Disobedience to Authority”，in Human Relations，1965，18，pp.57-76.
[21]Miller A G，The Obedience Experiments：A Case Study of Controversy in Social Science，Praeger，1986.
[22]Jones C R，Fazio R H，Olson M A，“Implicit Misattribution as a Mechanism Underlying Evaluative Conditioning”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，2009，96，pp.933-948.Petty R E，Brinol P，“Persuasion：From Single to Multiple to Metacognitive Processes”，in Perspectives on Psychological Science，2008，3，pp.137-147.Walther E，Weil R，Dusing J，“The Role of Evaluative Conditioning in Attitude Formation”，in Current Directions in Psychological Science，2011，20，pp.192-196.
[23]Petty R E，Haugtvedt C P，Smith S M，“Elaboration as a Determinant of Attitude Strength：Creating Attitudes That Are Persistent，Resistant，and Predictive of Behavior”，in Petty R E，Krosnick J A（eds.），Attitude Strength：Antecedents and Consequence，Hillsdale，NJ，Erlbaum.Petty R E，Barden J，Wheeler S C，“The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion：Developing Health Promotions for Sustained Behavioral Change”，in DiClemente R J，Crosby R A，Kegler M C（eds.），Emerging Theories in Health P romotions Practice and Resea rch，2nd ed，Jossey-Bass，2009.Verplanken B，“Persuasive Communication of Risk Information：A Test of Cue Versus Message Processing Effects in a Field Experiment”，in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 9 1991，179 pp.188-193.
[24]Bayer E，“Beitrage zur Zeikomponenten Theorie des Hungers”，in Zeitschrift fur Psychologie，1929，112，pp.1-54.Chen S C，“Social Modification of the Activity of Ants in Nest-building”，in Physiological Zoology，1937，10，pp.420-436.Larsson K，Conditioning and Sexual Behavior in the Male Albino Rat，Almqvist & Wiksell，1956.
[25]Dashiell J F，“An Experimental Analysis of Some Group Effects”，in Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology，1930，pp.190-199.Pessin J，“The Comparative Effects of Social and Mechanical Stimulation on Memorizing”，in American Journal of Psychology，1933，25，pp.263-270.Pessin J，Husband R W，“Effects of Social Stimulation on Human Maze Learning”，in Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology，1933，28，pp.148-154.
[26]Zajonc R B，“Social Facilitation”，in Science，1965，149，pp.269-274.
[27]Baron R S，“Distraction-conflict Theory：Progress and Problems”，in Berkowitz L（ed.），Advances in Ex perimental Social Psychology，Academic Press，1986.(https://www.daowen.com)
[28]Kravitz D A，Martin B，“Ringelmann Rediscovered：The Original Article”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1986，50，pp.936-941.
[29]Latane B，Williams K，Harkins S，“Many Hands Make Light the Work：The Causes and Consequcnces of Social Loafing”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1979，37，pp.822-832.Harkings S G，Latane B，Williams K，“Social Loafing：Allocating Effort or Taking It Easy？”，in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，1980，16，pp.457-465.
[30]Karau S J，Williams K D，“Social Loafing：A Meta-analytic Review and Theoretical Integration”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1993，65，pp.681-706.
[31]Smith J，“Lack of Empathy Made It Easier to Wreck and Rob”，in The Independent（www.independent.co.uk），2011.
[32]Mann L，“The Baiting Crowd in Episodes of Threatened Suicide”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1981，41，pp.703-709.Mullen B，“Stuttering，Audience Size，and the Other-total Ratio：A Self-attention Perspective”，in Journal of Applied Social Psychology，1986，16，pp.139-149.
[33]Zhong C B，Bohns V K，Gino F，“Good Lamps Are the Best Police：Darkness Increases Dishonesty and Self-interested Behavior”，in Psychological Science，2010，21，pp.311-314.
[34]Orive R，Group Similarity，“Public Self-awareness，and Opinion Extremity：A Social Projection Explanation of Deindividuation Effects”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1984，47，pp.727-737.
[35]Allport G W，The Nature of P rejudice，Addison-Wesley，1954，p.91.
[36]Palmer D L，“Determinants of Canadian Attitudes Toward Immigration：More Than Just Racism？”，in Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science，1996，28，pp.180-192.
[37]Tajfel H，Billig M，“Familiarity and Categorization in Intergroup Behavior”，in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，1974，10，pp.159-170.Brewer M B，“In-group Bias in the Minimal Intergroup Situation：A Cognitive-motivational Analysis”，in Psychological Bulletin，1979，86，pp.307-324.Hogg M A，Abrams D，Social Identifications，Routledge，1988.Mullen B，Brown R，Smith C，“Ingroup Bias as a Function of Salience，Relevance，and Status：An Integration”，in European Journal of Social Psychology，1992，22，pp.103-122.Wilder D A，“Perceiving Persons as a Group：Categorization and Intergroup Relations”，in Hamilton D L（ed.），Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior，Erlbaum，1981.
[38]Archer J，“Testosterone and Human Aggression：An Evaluation of the Challenge Hypothesis”，in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews，2006，30，pp.319-345.McAndrew F T，“The Interacting Roles of Testosterone and Challenges to Status in Human Male Aggression”，in Aggression and Violent Behavior，2009，14，pp.330-335.
[39]Dollard J，Doob L，Miller N，Mowrer O H，Sears R R，Frustration and Aggression，Yale University Press，1939.
[40]Berkowitz L，“Whatever Happened to the Frustration-aggression Hypothesis？”，in American Behavioral Scientists，1978，21，pp.691-780.Berkowitz，“Frustration-aggression Hypothesis：Examination and Reformulation”，in Psychological Bulletin，1989，106，pp.59-73.
[41]Carlson M，Marcus-Newhall A，Miller N，“Effects of Situational Aggression Cues：A Quantitative Review”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1990，58，pp.622-633.
[42]Bandura A，Ross D，Ross S A，“Transmission of Agression Through Imitation of Aggressive Models”，in Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology，1961，63，pp.575-582.
[43]Bandura A，“The Social Learning Perspective：Mechanisms of Aggression”，in Toch H（ed.），Psychology of Crime and Criminal Justice，Holt，Rinehart & Winston，1979.
[44]Bandura A，“The Social Learning Perspective：Mechanisms of Aggression”，in Toch H（ed.），Psychology of Crime and Criminal Justice，Holt，Rinehart & Winston，1979.
[45]Piliavin J A，“Learning to‘Give to Unnamed Strangers’：The Process of Commitment to Regular Blood Donation”，in Staub E，Bar-Tal D，Karylowski J，Reykawski J（eds.），The Development and Maintenance of P rosocial Behavior：International Perspectives，Plenum，1982.Piliavin J，“Doing Well by Doing Good：Benefits for the Benefactor”，in Keyes C L M，Haidt J（eds.），Flourishing：Positive Psychology and the Life Well-lived，American Psychological Associa tio n，2003.
[46]Harbaugh W T，Mayr U，Burghart D R，“Neural Responses to Taxation and Voluntary Giving Reveal Motives for Charitable Donations”，in Science，2007，316，pp.1622-1625.
[47]Anik L，Aknin L B，Norton M L，Dunn E W，“Freeling Good About Giving：The Benefits（and Costs）of Self-interested Charitable Behavior”，in Oppenheimer D M，Olivola C Y（eds.），The Science of Giving：Experimental Approaches to the Study of Cha rity，Psychology Press，2010.
[48]McMillen D L，Austin J B，“Effect of Positive Feedback on Compliance Following Transgression”，in Psychonomic Science，1971，24，pp.59-61.
[49]Carlsmith J M，Gross A E，“Some Effects of Guilt on Compliance”，in J ournal of Personality and Social Psychology，1969，11，pp.232-239.
[50]Gouldner A W，“The Norm of Reciprocity：A Preliminary Statement”，in American Sociological Review，1960，25，pp.161-178.
[51]Whatley M A，Webster J M，Smith R H，et al，“The Effect of a Favor on Public and Private compliance：How Internalized Is the Norm of Reciprocity？”，in Basic and Applied Social Psychology，1999，21，pp.251-261.
[52]Burger J M，Sanchez J，Imberi J E，Grande L R，“The Norm of Reciprocity as an Internalized Social Norm：Returning Favors Even When No One Finds Out”，in Social Influence，2009，4，pp.11-17.
[53]Berkowitz L，“Social Norms，Feelings，and Other Factors Affecting Helping and Altruism”，in Berkowitz L（ed.），Advances in Experimental Social Psychology，Academic Press，1972，Vol.6.Schwartz S H，“The Justice of Need and the Activation of Humanitarian Norms”，in J ournal of Social Issues，1975，31，pp.111-136.
[54]Baron J，Miller J G，“Limiting the Scope of Moral Obligations to Help：A Cross-cultural Investigation”，in Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology，2000，31，pp.703-725.
[55]Batson C D，The Altruism Question：Towa rd a Social-psychological Answer，Erlbaum，1991.Batson C D，“As You Would Have Them Do unto You：Does Imagining Yourself in the Other's Place Stimulate Moral Action？”，in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，2003，29，pp.1190-1201.Batson C D，Eklund J H，Chermok V L，Hoyt J L，Ortiz B G，“An Additional Antecedent of Empathic Concern：Valuing the Welfare of the Person in Need”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，2007，93，pp.65-74.Batson C D，Altruism in Humans，Oxford University Press，2011.
[56]Toi M，Batson C D，“More Evidence That Empathy Is a Source of Altruistic Motivation”，in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，1982，pp.281-292.
[57]Dovidio J F，“The Empathy-altruism Hypothesis：Paradigm and Promise”，in Psychological Inquiry，1991，pp.126-128.Staub E，“Altruistic and Moral Motivations for Helping and Their Translation into Action”，in Psychological Inquiry，1991，2，pp.150-153.Stocks E L，Lishner D A，Decker S K，“Altruism or Psychological Escape：Why Does Empathy Promote Prosocial Behavior？”，in European Journal of Social Psychology，2009，39，pp.649-665.