五、治疗
(一)治疗原则
目前尚无有效的治疗方法,产前筛查及产前诊断尤为重要。这类患者需注意预防感染,如伴有先天性心脏病、胃肠道或其他畸形,可考虑手术对症治疗。预后不良。
(二)口腔颌面部异常相关的治疗建议
针对患者的牙周炎表现,需要尽早开展牙周序列治疗。由于这类患者缺乏对口腔卫生的理解力和执行力,因此口腔卫生指导应给予家庭成员/监护人,并由家庭成员/监护人督导或代为实施。牙周基础治疗应早期进行,且要增加复诊频率。由于患者存在伴放线聚集杆菌及其他牙周致病菌感染的高发生率,可辅助使用抗菌药物。
参考文献
[1]Scalioni F A R,Carrada C F,Martins C C,et al.Periodontal disease in patients with Down syndrome:A systematic review[J].J Am Dent Assoc,2018,149(7):628-639.(https://www.daowen.com)
[2]Ferreira R,Michel R C,Greghi S L A,et al.Prevention and periodontal treatment in down syndrome patients:A systematic review[J].PLoS One,2016,11(6):e0158339.
[3]Deps T D,Angelo G L,Martins C C,et al.Association between dental caries and down syndrome:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].PLoS One,2015,10(6):e0127484.
[4]Agarwal Gupta N,Kabra M.Diagnosis and management of down syndrome[J].The Indian Journal of Pediatrics,2014,81(6):560-567.
[5]Frydman A,Nowzari H.Down syndrome-associated periodontitis:A critical review of the literature[J]Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry,2012,33(5):356-361.
[6]Roizen NJ,Patterson D.Down's syndrome[J].The Lancet,2003,361(9365):1281-1289.
(李厚轩 柯晓菁)