结 语
目前,关于男性精液质量的变化趋势,仍存在两种不同的观点。全球范围的精液质量是否存在下降趋势仍没有定论。比较一致的观点是,部分地区或相当多的地区精液质量存在一定下降趋势,且精液质量存在地域性、种族间的差异,环境因素、营养状况、生活方式等均可对男性生殖健康造成影响。许多已发表的研究不同程度地存在样本代表性、混杂和偏倚、实验室检测方法、统计分析方法等方面的问题,尚未呈现完全让人信服的证据,因此精液质量是否存在下降趋势的争议还将继续。
鉴于精液质量下降可能对人类繁衍、种族延续带来严重的后果,精液质量的变动趋势及其与环境的关系,仍是21世纪的重大公共卫生问题。今后的研究中,需在人群代表性、精液分析质量控制以及统计方法上不断完善,研究不仅限于分析精液质量变化趋势,应同时重视并评估外部因素对男性生殖健康的影响,并加强男性生殖的基础研究和流行病学多学科合作的研究,建立长期动态的精子质量监测点和精液质量数据库,全面地关注和促进男性生殖功能研究的发展。
(陈建平 高尔生)
(Carlsen和Swan研究的数据请见附录6的附表6.26至附表6.27)
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