三、总结
Jaffe分级对骨巨细胞瘤的复发、转移及预后的风险评估能力有限,且完全依赖于病理诊断医师的经验,从而限制了它的应用价值。不过,即使在临床实践中,Enneking分期和Campanacci分级都能对骨巨细胞瘤的侵袭性、术后复发率及预后做出良好的判断,这也并不代表我们可以完全摒弃Jaffe分级。病理学是临床诊断的“金标准”,笔者认为,Enneking分期和Campanacci分级是对单纯依靠病理表现的Jaffe分级的良好补充,只有通过临床、影像学 、病理“三结合”的方法,综合分析肿瘤的病史、影像学表现、组织学特征,才能有效地指导治疗和判断预后。
(刘畅)
参考文献
[1]Fletcher C,Unni K,Mertens F.软组织与骨肿瘤病理学和遗传学[M].程虹,等,译.北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:367-372.
[2]Thomas DM,Skubitz KM.Giant cell tumour of bone[J].Curr Opin Oncol,2009,21(4):338-344.
[3]Sobti A,Agrawal P,Agarwala S,et al.Giant cell tumor of bone—an overview[J].Arch Bone Jt Surg,2016,4(1):2-9.
[4]Raskin KA,Schwab JH,Mankin HJ.Giant cell tumor of bone[J].J Am Acad Orthop Surg,2013,21(2):118-126.
[5]Chakarun CJ,Forrester DM,Gottsegen CJ,et al.Giant cell tumor of bone:review,mimics,and new developments in treatment[J].Radiographics,2013,33(1):197-211.
[6]Cowan RW,Singh G.Giant cell tumor of bone:a basic science perspective[J].Bone,2013,52(1):238-246.
[7]Werner M.Giant cell tumour of bone:morphological,biological and histogenetical aspects[J].Int Orthop,2006,30(6):484-489.
[8]van der Heijden L,Dijkstra PD,van de Sande MA.The clinical approach toward giant cell tumor of bone[J]. Oncologist,2014,19(5):550-561.
[9]Gupta R,Seethalakshmi V,Jambhekar NA,et al.Clinicopathologic profile of 470 giant cell tumors of bone from a cancer hospital in western India[J].Ann Diagn Pathol,2008,12(4):239-248.
[10]王桂勇,陈志伟.骨巨细胞瘤的组织病理学特性和基因表达研究进展[J].吉林医学,2009,30(19):2376-2378.
[11]Wülling M,Delling G,Kaiser E.The origin of the neoplastic stromal cell in giant cell tumor of bone[J].Hum Pathol,2003,34(10):983-993.
[12]Gong L,Liu W,Sun X,et al.Histological and clinical characteristics of malignant giant cell tumor of bone[J]. Virchows Arch,2012,460(3):327-334.
[13]赵立明,苗军,胡永成.骨巨细胞瘤多学科联合的诊治进展[J].天津医科大学学报,2016,22(1):90-93.
[14]Balla P,Moskovszky L,Sapi Z,et al.Epidermal growth factor receptor signalling contributes to osteoblastic stromal cell proliferation,osteoclastogenesis and disease progression in giant cell tumour of bone[J].Histopathology,2011,59(3):376-389.
[15]Bertoni F,Bacchini P,Staals EL.Giant cell-rich osteosareoma[J].Orthopedics,2003,26(2):179-181.(https://www.daowen.com)
[16]黄瑾,蒋智铭,张惠箴.富于巨细胞的骨肉瘤和骨巨细胞瘤的临床病理鉴别诊断[J].中华病理学杂志,2014,43(6):379-382.
[17]方义杰,洪国斌,卢慧芳,等.棕色瘤的临床病理特征及影像学表现[J].中华医学杂志,2015,95(45):3691-3694.
[18]Bandeira F,Cusano NE,Silva BC,et al.Bone disease in primary hyperparathyroidism[J].Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol,2014,58(5):553-561
[19]韩跃虎,杨柳,黄景辉.CD 147 、PCNA 、VEGF和MMPs在骨巨细胞瘤中的表达及临床意义[J].中国骨与关节外科,2012,5(1):65-71.
[20]李颖智,金海鸿,秦悦洋,等.VEGF、MMP-9表达水平与骨巨细胞瘤侵袭性相关性[J].中国实验诊断学,2013,17(11):1989-1991.
[21]Schocdel KE,Greco MA,Stetler Stevenson WG,et al.Expression of metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in giant cell tumor of bone:an immunohistochemical study with clinical correlation[J].Hum Pathol,1996,27(11):1144-1 148.
[22]Dickson BC,Li SQ,Wunder JS,et al.Giant cell tumor of bone express p63[J].Mod Pathol,2008,21(4):369-375.
[23]Lee CH,Espinosa I,Jensen KC,et al.Gene expression profiling identifies p63 as a diagnostic marker for giant cell tumor of the bone[J].Mod Pathol,2008,21(5):531-539.
[24]Yu W,Liu J,Xiong X,et al.Expression of MMP9 and CD147 in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and their implication[J].Pathol Res Pract,2009,205(10):709-715.
[25]Kanekura T,Chen X,Kanzaki T.Basigin(CD 147)is expressed on melanoma cells and induces tumor cell invasion by stimulating production of matrix metalloproteinases by fibroblasts[J].Int J Cancer,2002,99(4):520-528.
[26]Yurehenko V,Constant S,Eisenmesser E,et al.Cyclophilin CD147 interactions:a new target for anti-inflammatory therapeutics[J].Clin Exp Immunol,2010,160(3):305-317.
[27]Knowles HJ,Athanasou NA.Hypoxia-inducible factor is expressed in giant cell tumour of bone and mediates paracrine effects of hypoxia on monocyte-osteoclast differentiation via induction of VEGF[J].J Pathol,2008,215(1):56-66.
[28]Kumta SM,Huang L,Cheng YY,et al.Expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in giant cell tumor of bone and other osteolytic lesions[J].Life Sci,2003,73(11):1427-1436.
[29]Oda Y,Sakamoto A,Saito T,et al.Secondary malignant giant-cell tumour of bone:molecular abnormalities of p53 and H-ras gene correlated with malignant transformation[J].Histopathology,2001,39(6):629-637.
[30]Yalcinkaya U,Ugras N,Kabul S,et al.Prognostic value of p53 protein expression in giant cell tumor of bone[J]. Pol J Pathol,2015,66(4):389-396.
[31]Saito T,Mitomi H,Izumi H,et al.A case of secondary malignant giant-cell tumor of bone with p53 mutation after long-term follow-up[J].Hum Pathol,2011,42(5):727-733.
[32]Saito T,Mitomi H,Suehara Y,et al.A case of de novo secondary malignant giant-cell tumor of bone with loss of heterozygosity of p53 gene that transformed within a short-term follow-up[J].Pathol Res Pract,2011,207(10):664-669.