并发症的病理生理反应

更新于 2026年10月27日 版权声明
五、并发症的病理生理反应

当交通支和深静脉瓣膜功能不全时,血液严重倒流,远端静脉压极度增高,故可出现小腿明显肿胀。由于远端静脉压较高,小腿足靴区内侧或踝部长期静脉淤血,纤溶功能异常及纤维蛋白沉积,而发生皮肤营养障碍性改变,如色素沉着、皮炎、溃疡等。下肢静脉曲张时,由于肢体远端静脉压力持久性增高,最终导致毛细血管压力增高。当毛细血管压力升高到60~80mmHg时,毛细血管的通透性增加,大量液体渗出,组织间蛋白液体增多,容易促使纤维细胞增生,引起皮下组织广泛的纤维变性,皮肤硬韧,汗腺和皮脂腺萎缩。高压的静脉血可使细小动脉内血液黏滞,血流缓慢,血红蛋白和红细胞从内皮细胞间黏合质小孔漏出,以及炎症性局部充血,局部色素沉着,皮肤呈黄褐色或暗紫色。由于静脉迂曲成团,淤积的血液难以排空,因此常引起局部的血栓性浅静脉炎。炎症消退后静脉壁可与皮肤粘连,静脉内可能形成静脉石。

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(文 军 汪 涛 李慧敏 潘力生)

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