二、制造闪光句
（一）倒装句和强调句
1.什么是倒装句
句子成分在句子中都有一定的位置，但有时为了修饰的，可以把某些句子成分前后倒置，以达到突出强调的作用。英语中倒装主要有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装是指主语和谓语完全倒置，常用于记叙或描写。
部分倒装是指只将助动词提到主语前面，而实义动词仍然保留在原来的位置上，常用于议论或说明。
如：原句：By reading widely，one can really make remarkable achievements in his study.
优化：Only by reading widely can one really make remarkable achievements in his study.
2.什么是强调句
写作中，常使用强调句来突出重点。强调句的基本结构是：It is（was）+被强调的部分+that（who）+句子其他成分。
如：原句：Not how much you read but what you read really matters.
优化：It is not how much you read but what you read that really matters.
（二）含有插入语的句子
插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中的其他成分没有语法上的关系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。插入语有时表达说话者的态度和看法，有时起强调的作用，有时是为了引起对方的注意，有时起转移话题或说明事由的作用，有时还可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密。
写作中常用到的插入语包括：
副词和副词短语：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天 然 地），luckily/happily for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（简单地说），personally（依个人之见）。
形容词和形容词短语：true（真的），funny（真可笑），needless to say（不用说），most important of all（最为重要），worse still（更糟糕的），even better（更好）。
介词短语：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short/in brief（简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in one’s view（在某人看来），in one’s opinion（按照某人的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先），in addition（此外），of course（当然），to one’s surprise（使某人惊奇的是），to one’s regret（使某人遗憾的是），for example（例如），on the contrary（相反），in other words（换句话说），on the other hand（然而）。
分词短语：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considered（一般认为），considering/taking...into consideration（考虑到，鉴于），judging from（根据……判断）。
不定式短语：to be sure（无疑地），to sum up（概括地说），to tell the truth（说实话），to be frank/to be honest（说实在的，老实地说），to make matters worse（更糟的是），to start with/to begin with（首先，第一）。
简短的句子：I am sure（我可以肯定地说），I believe/think（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），I’m afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），what’s more（而且），what’s worse（更糟糕的是），that is to say（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）。
如：原句：I think that computer games can also do some good to young people.
优化：Computer games，in my opinion，can also do some good to young people.
原句：The above-mentioned shows that it is no doubt that college students should often attend sports activities.
优化：Considering the above-mentioned，it is no doubt that college students should often attend sports activities.
（三）含有平行结构的句子
平行结构指的是将结构相同或相似、意义并重、语气一致的语言成分并行排列的一种修辞手法。这种结构层次清晰、语意顺畅，能够起到加强语气、增强表达效果的作用。
如：原句：This phenomenon，in my opinion，has upgraded the quality of people's life.And it has also improved the valve of consumption of our modern society.
优化：This phenomenon，in my opinion，has not only upgraded the quality of people's life but also improved the valve of consumption of our modern society.
原句：Many people get up early to jog along country lanes，or in order to observe the wonder of nature.And some also just watch the sun rise.(https://www.daowen.com)
优化：Many people get up early to jog along country lanes，to observe the wonder of nature，or just to watch the sun rise.
（四）含有非谓语动词短语的句子
非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。使用非谓语动词可以在有限的空间内容纳更多的信息，使句子结构紧凑、逻辑严谨。
如：原句：It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books，it will be time-wasting and harmful.
优化：It must be realized that people should be cautious when deciding which books to read since reading bad books is time-wasting and harmful.
原句：Because one of my parents is laid off，my family can't possibly afford all my expenses at college.
优化：With one of my parents being laid off，my family can't possibly afford all my expenses at college.
（五）含有谚语和格言的句子
如果能在作文中恰当地引用一两句谚语和格言，将会增加作文的表现力，展示出作者的语言功底，有助于获得阅卷老师的青睐。但需要注意的是，不要引用过于生僻或自己不太熟悉的谚语和格言，否则引用不当，反而会适得其反。另外，谚语和格言并不是越多越好，一般来说，一篇作文中引用一句就可以了，最多不要超过两句。
如：原句：Doing part-time jobs has its disadvantages.
优化：Every coin has two sides.So does doing part-time jobs.
原句：Last but not the least，you need an intense interest in learning English.
优化：Last but not the least，you need an intense interest in learning English since“interest is the best teacher”.
每日训练
1.Directions:The age of Information Technology has taken a lot of people by surprise.While it has become a way of life for some，others know very little about it and may be unlikely to learn.Eventually we will have a polarized society and this will lead to serious social problems.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement？
You should use your own ideas，knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
Write at least 200 words.
2.Directions:In this part，you are required to write a composition of at least 250words on the topic“Should Men and Women Be Equal？”You should write it on the ANSWER SHEET.
参考范文
1 At the mercy of the ever-accelerated advancement of the information technology，great changes have occurred in almost every sphere of our life.Apparently，somepeople have managed to be perfectly adapted to this completely new era，and a few of them even have developed their talent for the information technology to make it their lifetime career.However，there still exist a number of people who have little access to the advanced technology and are unlikely to be able to learn it in the future as well.Thus，this disquieting fact has inevitably led to our concerns that a polarized society with terrible social problems will approach.
It is without denying that the advent of the new era has brought about ever-greater wealth for human beings.This has led some people to easily assume that a better life has been created for every member of the society.But pause and reflect！When the distribution of the wealth is considered，the situation may not be so optimistic.Accordingto the research carried out by a university in London，the great growth in gross domestic product has not resulted in the wealth being spread evenly across the population，to be exact，with 2%top taking away 71%of the increased wealth.
Therefore，we can hardly be surprised to observe that while the rich have benefited a lot from the rapid development of the information technology，the poor have struggled to attain the thinnest fruit.It can never be something surprising with regard to the mere fact that at the time a rich businessman is busy with his well-equipped commercial computer to harness the power of the Internet to carry on his business，a typical poor man are making great efforts to hunt for his next meal.Maybe this seemingly strange society is just following the law of Matthew Effect，that is to say，“The rich get richer and the poor get poorer.”
All these on-going trends will inexorably give rise to a polarised society with the rich and poor placed on two extreme positions，which may form a negative confrontation between the two poles and result in some serious social problems.
2 Should Men and Women Be Equal？
Should men and women be equal？This is a question much talked about by manypeople.Some hold the opinion that men are superior to women in many ways.For one thing，many a job men do can hardly be done by women，who are physically not strong enough；and for another，most of the word-famous scientists or statesmen are found to be males.Moreover，the whole human society seems to have all along been dominated by men only.Isn't it evident enough to show that men are a lot stronger than women？Hence，the former should enjoy more rights than the latter.
Other people，however，think quite differently on this question.They firmly believe that men and women are born equal.And women are certainly as talented as men if they are given equal opportunities of education.Isn't it a fact known to us all that women have been working side by side with men in China and elsewhere in the world？Like their men folks，they have been distinguishing themselves not only in research institutions，but in government bodies and other organizations as well.
Personally，I am firmly standing on the side of those women's rights defenders.Since men and women are playing an equally important role in all human activities，why should not they be on an equal footing？Furthermore，from time immemorial，there have been two sex groups，namely，men and women.Our human society could definitely not have existed or advanced without either of them.Is it a wonder that men and women ought to be equal and enjoy equal rights accordingly？