三、译文及点评
自测一
①“你要茶还是要咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。②许多西方人会选咖啡,而中国人则会选茶。③相传,中国的一位帝王于五千多年前发现了茶,并用来治病。④在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间,茶馆遍布全国。⑤饮茶在六世纪传到日本,但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。⑥如今,茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。⑦茶是中国的民族饮品,也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
①“Tea or coffee?”That’s a question often asked when people have a meal.②Many Westerners would choose coffee,while the Chinese would choose tea.③Legend has it that tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago,and was used to cure disease.④During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,tea houses were spread all over the country.⑤Tea drinking was introduced to Japan in the 6th century,but it was not until the 17th or the 18th century that it spread to Europe and America.⑥Nowadays,tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world.⑦It is not only the national beverage of China,but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.
主题:中国传统文化——饮茶
难点及词汇注释:
句①:主语为问句“你要茶还是要咖啡?”,较长,所以可将其拆分成两句话,第1句为简短的口语问句“Tea or coffee?”,第2句用That指代该问句,做主语。“被问到的”可用过去分词asked做定语,修饰question。
句②:“而”表示前后对比,可用while来引导分句。
句③:“相传……”是常用句型,可译为“Legend has it that…”或“As legend goes…”。“发现了茶”和“用来治病”译为并列谓语,用and连接。从句译为主动语态或被动语态皆可,但译为被动语态更能突出本文的主题“tea”。
句④:“明清期间”提示时态应用一般过去时。
句⑤:“但”提示前后两个句子存在转折关系,可用but连接;“直到……才……”可以用“it was not until…that…”句型进行强调。
句⑥:“是最……的……之一”用“be one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”句型。(https://www.daowen.com)
句⑦:“是……也是……”,表并列,可用“not only…but also…”句型。
自测二
①剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。②中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史,在明朝和清朝(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)时期特别流行。③人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。④特别是在春节和婚庆期间,剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。⑤剪纸最常用的颜色是红色,象征健康和兴旺。⑥中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎,经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
①Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts.②Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years.It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.③People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.④During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations,in particular,paper cuttings are used to decorate doors,windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere.⑤The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red,which symbolizes health and prosperity.⑥Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.
主题:中国传统文化——剪纸
难点及词汇注释:
句①:表示“……之一”用one of…,后面的名词应为可数名词复数形式。“民间艺术”类似专有名词,用folk arts表达;至于后面的“形式”不需要死板地将其译出,加上forms不符合英文表达习惯。
句②:本句的汉语是由逗号隔开的两个句子组成,后一句是对前一句的进一步说明,但前后两句既没有明显的从属关系,也不是并列关系,因此既不能译成主从复合句,也最好不要译成并列句,直接将其译成两个句子即可,后一句中It指代前一句的主语Chinese paper cutting,形成了自然的衔接。表示“有多长的历史”用短语have a history of…。本句中又出现了“流行”一词,英语中强调词语的多样化,因此为了避免重复,这里不再使用popular,而用了widespread,“明清时期”显然时态应该是一般过去时。
句③:有些同学可能会按照汉语句子的语序将本句译为“…use paper cuttings to beautify their homes…”,这样虽也不算错,但不如借用介词with将表达的重点放在“美化”一词上更为地道,即译为:…beautify their homes with paper cuttings…
句④:“特别,尤其”可以用especially或in particular,especially一般放在要强调的内容之前,而in particular位置比较灵活。“以……”表示一种目的,译为“in order to…”结构。
句⑤:“剪纸最常用的”是“颜色”的定语,故译为过去分词短语…used in paper cutting,“最常”译为副词的最高级most frequently,修饰动词used。“象征健康和希望”是对“红色”的补充说明,故译为非限制性定语从句,which代替先行词red。
句⑥:本句是描述剪纸在世界上受欢迎的情况,逗号前后是并列关系,故译成and连接的并列句。注意“用作礼物”不要直译为“used as a present”。